本文選題：恢復原狀 + 環(huán)境侵權　； 參考：《中南財經政法大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國長期以來粗放式經濟的發(fā)展導致了生態(tài)的整體惡化,伴隨而生的是近年來環(huán)境侵權案件的頻頻發(fā)生。對此,我國立法與司法解釋以強化環(huán)境侵權責任從而救濟受害人、遏止和制裁環(huán)境侵權行為、開啟生態(tài)修復的效果相比以往更為顯著�！肚謾嘭熑畏ā芬驊h(huán)境時代下的法律“綠化”的需求將環(huán)境污染致人損害這一類型作為獨立的特殊侵權類型加以明確規(guī)定,但幾乎都是對既有的規(guī)定之守成,并未有實質性之創(chuàng)新。在環(huán)境侵權案件中,恢復原狀往往以行政制裁的手段出現(xiàn),適用在環(huán)境民事訴訟中較為少見�！蛾P于審理環(huán)境侵權責任糾紛案件適用法律若干問題的解釋》(下文簡稱《環(huán)境侵權司法解釋》)并未能有效因應來自于傳統(tǒng)民法的恢復原狀責任在環(huán)境侵權中有效適用的局限性問題,況且其中內容表述多是對恢復原狀責任規(guī)定的法律語言的高度概括且抽象,具有多義性與不確定性等問題。來自于傳統(tǒng)民法的恢復原狀責任如何在環(huán)境侵權的土壤上體現(xiàn)其價值與功能是不能逾越的重大問題�；謴驮瓲钍恰睹穹ǹ倓t》規(guī)定的民事法律責任的承擔方式之一,針對的是“物”之損毀,所涉及的也主要為經濟損失,其被創(chuàng)設之時并未考慮到人們所享有的生態(tài)環(huán)境和利益。筆者將其類型化為恢復原狀作為損害賠償標準的存在以及恢復原狀作為責任承擔方式的存在兩種表現(xiàn)形式,因為環(huán)境侵權行為有很強的特殊性,以至于環(huán)境損害民事責任中的恢復原狀與傳統(tǒng)民法上的恢復原狀大相徑庭。筆者通過對恢復原狀民事責任適用于環(huán)境侵權的大量案例進行類型化并結合學界研究現(xiàn)狀,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)恢復原狀民事責任在環(huán)境侵權領域還存在著難以直接適用、難以修復生態(tài)等問題。在環(huán)境法學中,其理想的價值與功能應該是最大限度地實現(xiàn)生態(tài)修復、充分地保護受害者完整利益以及契合損害擔責原則。但其有效性還存在合理性和恢復標準兩大內容之的探討。按照上述分析路徑,找出恢復原狀責任在環(huán)境侵權中的拓展之可能,即重塑恢復原狀的合理標準、拓展恢復方式。當下研究現(xiàn)狀主要表現(xiàn)為立法論的解決方式,筆者認為,目前已經形成了較為規(guī)范的環(huán)境侵權體系,對恢復原狀責任的立法論之研究應該建立在解釋論的基礎之上,故而本文以法律條文為研究起點,結合司法判例及學理分析并配之以域外比較分析,旨在厘清恢復原狀之傳統(tǒng)民法和環(huán)境法中的構造,并探究其在生態(tài)修復視域下的恢復方式及合理標準的拓展,從而為未來相關立法與法律適用提供鏡鑒。
[Abstract]:The development of extensive economy in China has led to the deterioration of ecology for a long time, accompanied by the frequent occurrence of environmental tort cases in recent years. In view of this, the legislative and judicial interpretation of our country is aimed at strengthening the liability for environmental tort, so as to relieve the victims, and to curb and sanction the environmental tort. The effect of opening ecological restoration is more remarkable than before. According to the requirement of "greening" of the law under the environment era, the tort liability law explicitly stipulates that the damage caused by environmental pollution is a kind of independent special tort type. But almost all are to the existing stipulation's fulfillment, did not have the substantive innovation. In environmental tort cases, restitution often occurs by means of administrative sanctions. Application in environmental civil litigation is relatively rare. The interpretation of some problems of applicable Law in Environmental Tort dispute cases (hereinafter referred to as "Judicial explanation of Environmental Tort") has not been able to respond effectively to the problems arising from the traditional civil law. The limitation of the effective application of restitution liability in environmental tort, Moreover, the content is mostly summarized and abstracted by the legal language of restitution liability, and it has many problems such as polysemy and uncertainty. How to reflect the value and function of restitution responsibility in the soil of environmental tort is an insurmountable problem. Restitution is one of the ways to assume civil legal liability stipulated in the General principles of Civil Law. It is aimed at the damage of "things", and involves mainly economic losses, which did not take into account the ecological environment and interests enjoyed by people when it was created. The author classifies it into the existence of restitution as a standard of compensation for damages and the existence of restitution as a way of assuming responsibility because of the strong particularity of environmental tort. Therefore, restitution in civil liability for environmental damage is quite different from that in traditional civil law. Through the typology of a large number of cases of restitution civil liability applicable to environmental tort and combined with the current situation of academic research, the author finds that restitution civil liability is difficult to directly apply in the field of environmental tort. Difficult to repair ecological and other problems. In environmental law, its ideal value and function should be to realize ecological restoration to the maximum extent, to fully protect the complete interests of victims and to fit the principle of liability for damage. However, the validity of the two major contents of rationality and recovery criteria are discussed. According to the above analysis path, this paper finds out the possibility of the expansion of restitution liability in environmental tort, that is, remolding the reasonable standard of restitution and expanding the recovery mode. The current research situation is mainly manifested in the solution of legislation theory. The author believes that a more standard environmental tort system has been formed at present, and the research on the legislative theory of restitution responsibility should be based on the theory of explanation. Therefore, this article takes the legal text as the research starting point, unifies the judicial precedent and the theory analysis and matches it with the extraterritorial comparative analysis, in order to clarify the structure of the traditional civil law and the environmental law of restitution. It also explores the ways of restoration and the development of reasonable standards under the view of ecological restoration, thus providing a mirror for the future relevant legislation and legal application.
【學位授予單位】：中南財經政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.68

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本文編號：1984155