本文選題：法治社會 + 民間環(huán)保組織��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在法治國家、法治政府、法治社會一體建設(shè)的大背景下,治理理論的興起、中國民間組織的蓬勃發(fā)展為民間環(huán)保組織參與社會治理提供了時代發(fā)展的背景。近年來,中國民間環(huán)保組織不斷發(fā)展,廣泛的參與環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的社會治理,通過環(huán)境宣傳和環(huán)境法律宣傳不斷增強公眾環(huán)保意識和環(huán)境法律意識,行使立法建議權(quán)、參與政府環(huán)境決策以有效制約和監(jiān)督國家環(huán)境立法權(quán)、環(huán)境行政權(quán),通過監(jiān)督、檢舉、控告環(huán)境違法行為協(xié)助環(huán)保相關(guān)法律法規(guī)實施,提供環(huán)境公共服務(wù),實現(xiàn)參與環(huán)境治理的多元化。但是中國民間環(huán)保組織在法治社會建設(shè)的時代背景下,也面臨著一系列參與社會治理困境,民間環(huán)保組織內(nèi)部的自治規(guī)則不健全、自身自治能力較弱,外部法律規(guī)范注重管理而忽視民間環(huán)保組織的發(fā)展,存在立法層級較低、缺少統(tǒng)一的民間組織法、立法重管理而輕民間組織自治權(quán)保障、監(jiān)管制度重事前審批而輕事后監(jiān)管的問題,而中國民間環(huán)保組織外部發(fā)展環(huán)境也存在地方政府唯經(jīng)濟(jì)論思維方式尚未轉(zhuǎn)變、公眾對民間環(huán)保組織的認(rèn)同感較差的難題。中國民間環(huán)保組織法治化轉(zhuǎn)型是當(dāng)今法治社會建設(shè)的大勢所趨,其能克服現(xiàn)有困境和難題,充分激發(fā)民間環(huán)保組織的活力,有效彌補政府在環(huán)境事務(wù)管理方面的低效和失靈,通過穩(wěn)定的、科學(xué)的制度保障民間環(huán)保組織的自治權(quán),實現(xiàn)環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的社會自治。而中國民間環(huán)保組織參與社會治理法治化建構(gòu),第一是要從權(quán)力配置、組織建構(gòu)和運行機(jī)制方面健全中國民間環(huán)保組織的內(nèi)部自治規(guī)則,在決策、執(zhí)行和監(jiān)督方面要提高民間環(huán)保組織自治能力,充分建立和發(fā)揮民間環(huán)保組織的內(nèi)部民主機(jī)制,加強理事會和常務(wù)理事會的作用,在運行機(jī)制方面,細(xì)化內(nèi)部財務(wù)管理制度、引入第三方評估機(jī)制,以避免內(nèi)部權(quán)力尋租和濫用民間環(huán)保組織環(huán)境事務(wù)管理權(quán)的發(fā)生。第二是要不斷完善外部法律規(guī)范,提高現(xiàn)有規(guī)范的法律層級、制定統(tǒng)一的民間組織法,立法要廢除民間環(huán)保組織的雙重登記管理制度、明確競爭原則,建立事前、事中、事后的全方位監(jiān)管體系,健全民間環(huán)保組織的責(zé)任承擔(dān)體系,使得監(jiān)管制度與責(zé)任制度并行,將紙面上的監(jiān)管落到實處。第三是要加強中國民間環(huán)保組織與政府環(huán)境事務(wù)的共治,政府要牢固樹立法治思維方式、破除傳統(tǒng)的地方保護(hù)主義和唯經(jīng)濟(jì)論思維方式,履行好環(huán)境管理和保護(hù)的責(zé)任,嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管民間環(huán)保組織參與社會治理的行為,盡到監(jiān)管的責(zé)任。第四是要強化民間環(huán)保組織法治實踐的參與度,民間環(huán)保組織積極參與環(huán)境公益訴訟,協(xié)助環(huán)境法律的實施,司法通過司法審查保護(hù)民間環(huán)保組織的自治權(quán)并監(jiān)督其環(huán)境公益服務(wù)情況,使得民間環(huán)保組織參與社會治理的法律和規(guī)則與法治實踐保持一貫。第五是要提升中國民間環(huán)保組織參與社會治理的民間認(rèn)同,民間環(huán)保組織要嚴(yán)格遵守相關(guān)法律法規(guī),政府部門也要踐行法律規(guī)則,司法機(jī)關(guān)公正司法充分保障民間環(huán)保組織的社會自治權(quán),民間環(huán)保組織參與社會治理的效果被逐漸肯定,以不斷樹立環(huán)境法律規(guī)范及民間組織法等的權(quán)威,使得民間環(huán)保組織參與社會治理被民間認(rèn)同。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the rule of law, the rule of law, the rule of law and the construction of the rule of law society, the rise of governance theory and the vigorous development of Chinese folk organizations have provided the background of the times development for the private environmental organizations to participate in social governance. In recent years, the Chinese folk environmental organizations have been developing continuously, widely participating in the social governance in the environmental field, and through the environmental publicity. The publicity and environmental legal propaganda constantly strengthens the public awareness of environmental protection and environmental legal awareness, exercises legislative proposals, participates in the government's environmental decision-making, effectively restricts and monitors the state's environmental legislative power, environmental administrative power, through supervision, prosecution, and prosecution of environmental violations to assist environmental protection in the implementation of laws and regulations, to provide environmental public services, and to realize the participation of the public services and the realization of the participation of the participation of the government. However, under the background of the construction of the rule of law, the Chinese folk environmental protection organizations are faced with a series of difficulties in the social governance, the self-government rules within the civil environmental organizations are not perfect, their self autonomy is weak, and the external legal norms pay attention to the management and ignore the development of the folk environmental protection organizations. Low level, lack of unified civil organization law, legislative heavy management and light civil organization autonomy guarantee, supervision system to examine and approve before incident light after the supervision, but the external development environment of Chinese civil environmental protection organization also has the local government only economic thinking mode has not changed, the public has a poor sense of identity to the private environmental protection organizations. The transformation of the rule of law of Chinese folk environmental protection organizations is the general trend of the social construction of the rule of law today. It can overcome the existing difficulties and problems, fully stimulate the vitality of the private environmental protection organizations, effectively make up for the inefficient and failure of the government in the management of environmental affairs, and ensure the autonomy of the civil environmental organizations through a stable and scientific system. The social autonomy in the field of environment, while the Chinese folk environmental protection organizations participate in the construction of the rule of law in social governance, the first is to improve the internal autonomy rules of the Chinese civil environmental organizations from the power allocation, organizational construction and operation mechanism, and to improve the autonomy of the civil environmental protection organizations in decision-making, implementation and supervision. The internal democratic mechanism of the private environmental protection organization strengthens the role of the Council and the Standing Council, refine the internal financial management system and introduce the third party evaluation mechanism in the operation mechanism, so as to avoid the internal power rent-seeking and the abuse of the environmental affairs management rights of the private environmental protection organizations. Second is to improve the external legal norms and improve the external legal norms. The legal level of the existing norms, the formulation of a unified civil organization law, the legislation to abolish the dual registration management system of the civil environmental protection organizations, clear the principle of competition, establish a comprehensive supervision system in advance, in the event, after the event, to improve the responsibility system of the civil environmental protection organizations, to make the supervision system and the responsibility system parallel, and to supervise the paper. The third is to strengthen the common governance of the Chinese folk environmental protection organizations and the government's environmental affairs. The government should firmly establish the thinking mode of the rule of law, break the traditional local protectionism and economic thinking mode, fulfill the responsibility of environmental management and protection, strictly supervise the behavior of the private environmental protection organizations to participate in the social governance, and do the supervision as much as possible. The fourth is to strengthen the participation degree of the practice of the rule of law of the civil environmental protection organizations. The civil environmental organizations actively participate in the environmental public interest litigation, assist the implementation of the environmental law. The judicial review protects the autonomy of the civil environmental organizations through judicial review and supervises the situation of its environmental public service, so that the private environmental protection organizations participate in the law of social governance and the law of social governance. The rule is consistent with the practice of the rule of law. Fifth is to promote the folk identity of the Chinese folk environmental organizations to participate in the social governance. The civil environmental organizations should strictly abide by the relevant laws and regulations, the government departments should also practice the legal rules, the judiciary justice fully safeguards the social autonomy of the civil environmental organizations, and the private environmental protection organizations participate in the society. The effect of the governance is gradually affirmed, in order to establish the authority of the legal norms of the environment and the law of the civil organization, which makes the civil environmental organizations participate in the social governance by the folk identity.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.182.3

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