本文選題：土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán) + 土地制度　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要自然資源,又是重要的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)。建立合理的農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)制度,實(shí)現(xiàn)土地資源的優(yōu)化配置,提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。但是多年來(lái)由于受到我國(guó)農(nóng)地效益低下、土地流轉(zhuǎn)價(jià)值過低、信息不流暢、農(nóng)民缺乏完善的社會(huì)保障、法律制度不健全等因素的影響,農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)并沒有得到順利的發(fā)展。這種狀況嚴(yán)重制約了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模化的發(fā)展,影響了城市化的進(jìn)程。 本文除引言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外,共分為六個(gè)部分： 第一部主要是農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的概述。在此部分,首先介紹的是我國(guó)農(nóng)地的集體所有的概念,同時(shí)分析了集體所有存在的問題。接著介紹了農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)中最為重要的承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)及其流轉(zhuǎn)的具體方式,主要包括：轉(zhuǎn)包、轉(zhuǎn)讓、出租、入股等。 第二部分是農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)這一論題的引出。介紹了農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)問題的研究背景和現(xiàn)狀。首先通過對(duì)我國(guó)土地制度改革歷程的介紹,明晰農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的發(fā)展歷程,接著介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于土地流轉(zhuǎn)制度的研究,尋找合理有效的農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)制度發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 第三部分是農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)法律調(diào)整的價(jià)值取向。首先是效率價(jià)值取向,效率價(jià)值取向是農(nóng)村土地立法的基本價(jià)值。確立效率價(jià)值取向,實(shí)現(xiàn)土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的自由流轉(zhuǎn),有助于調(diào)動(dòng)農(nóng)村土地占有者的生產(chǎn)積極性,提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)率,促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展。其次是確立公平價(jià)值取向,在實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的同時(shí),必須注重流轉(zhuǎn)土地原承包人的利益保障,這樣一方面能夠維護(hù)社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定,另一方面亦能夠促進(jìn)土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)范圍的擴(kuò)大。 第四部分介紹的是制約流轉(zhuǎn)的原因分析。首先是我國(guó)嚴(yán)格的戶籍制度形成了城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu),導(dǎo)致土地所有權(quán)主體模糊,制約了土地的流轉(zhuǎn)。其次是我國(guó)的土地流轉(zhuǎn)市場(chǎng)未完善,導(dǎo)致土地流轉(zhuǎn)信息不流暢。最后是我國(guó)土地管理職能不明確,雙層管理體制導(dǎo)致了地方保護(hù)主義的產(chǎn)生,地方政府肆意侵犯農(nóng)民的權(quán)益,導(dǎo)致土地流轉(zhuǎn)無(wú)序。 第五部分是對(duì)影響土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的因素分析,其中包括經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、政策法律因素以及社會(huì)因素。經(jīng)濟(jì)因素指的是農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)價(jià)值低,農(nóng)民缺少流轉(zhuǎn)的動(dòng)力,以及土地資源的分布不均衡,貧瘠的土地難以實(shí)現(xiàn)流轉(zhuǎn)。政策法律因素影響指的是我國(guó)的政策法律對(duì)于農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)具有諸多限制,如所有權(quán)制度以及流轉(zhuǎn)期限限制等。社會(huì)因素影響主要指的是在土地流轉(zhuǎn)過程中,農(nóng)民權(quán)益保障依然不夠,主導(dǎo)土地流轉(zhuǎn)的中介制度尚未完善,農(nóng)民難以獲得準(zhǔn)確而充分的流轉(zhuǎn)信息。 第六部分闡述農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)體系的完善,首先是完善立法,建立穩(wěn)定的土地承包關(guān)系。其次,建立農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)補(bǔ)貼制度,保障農(nóng)民的權(quán)益。再次是建立農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格評(píng)估體系,使得農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)符合等價(jià)交易的原則,實(shí)現(xiàn)原承包土地農(nóng)民的最大利益。
[Abstract]:Land is an important natural resource for the survival and development of human beings. It is also an important real estate. It is an inevitable trend for China to establish a reasonable transfer system of the right to contracted management of rural land, realize the optimal allocation of land resources and improve the efficiency of agricultural production. The circulation of rural land contract management right has not been developed smoothly. This situation seriously restricts the development of the scale of agricultural production and affects the process of urbanization.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into six parts.
The first part is mainly an overview of the rural land contract management right. In this part, the first introduction is the concept of collective ownership of rural land in China, at the same time, it analyzes the problems existing in the collective, and then introduces the most important transfer of the contractual management right in the rural land circulation and the concrete way of the transfer, mainly including subcontracting and transfer. Rent, stock, etc
The second part is the introduction of the topic of rural land contract management right. It introduces the research background and present situation of the transfer of rural land contract management right. First, it introduces the course of the reform of the land system in our country, clarifying the development course of the rural land contract management right, and then introducing the research of the land transfer system at home and abroad, and the research of the land transfer system at home and abroad. Looking for a reasonable and effective experience in the development of rural land transfer system.
The third part is the value orientation of the legal adjustment of the transfer of rural land contract management right. The first is the orientation of efficiency value, and the orientation of efficiency value is the basic value of rural land legislation. It is helpful to mobilize the enthusiasm of the rural land occupants and improve the agricultural students. The yield will promote the development of the productive forces. Secondly, to establish a fair value orientation, while realizing the circulation of the rural land contract management right, we must pay attention to the protection of the interests of the land contractor, which can maintain the stability of the society on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can also promote the expansion of the transfer scope of the land contract management right.
The fourth part introduces the reasons for restricting the circulation. First, China's strict household registration system has formed a two yuan structure in urban and rural areas, which leads to the fuzzy land ownership subject, which restricts the land circulation. Secondly, the land circulation market in China is not perfect and the land circulation information is not fluent. Finally, the land management function of our country is not clear, The double-layer management system led to the emergence of local protectionism. Local governments wantonly violated the rights and interests of farmers, resulting in the disorder of land circulation.
The fifth part is the analysis of factors affecting the transfer of land contract management rights, including economic factors, policy and legal factors and social factors. Economic factors are the low value of the transfer of rural land contract management rights, the lack of motivation for the transfer of farmers, and the uneven distribution of land resources, and the poor land is difficult to achieve the circulation. The influence of legal factors is that there are many restrictions on the circulation of rural land contract management right in China, such as the ownership system and the limit of the period of circulation. The influence of social factors mainly refers to the lack of protection of farmers' rights and interests in the process of land circulation, the intermediary system of the land transfer is not perfect, and the peasants are difficult to do so. Get accurate and full flow of information.
The sixth part expounds the improvement of the transfer system of rural land contract management right, first of all, to improve the legislation and to establish a stable land contract relationship. Secondly, the system of rural land transfer subsidy is established to guarantee the rights and interests of farmers. Again, the market price evaluation system of rural land circulation is established, which makes the transfer of the rural land contract management right accord with the same time. The principle of price trading can achieve the best interests of farmers in the original contract land.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.32;D923.2;D921

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