本文關(guān)鍵詞： 比例原則 行政強(qiáng)制 行政強(qiáng)制手段 行政強(qiáng)制目的 利益衡量　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：比例原則產(chǎn)生發(fā)展于近代西方國(guó)家的公法理論與實(shí)踐,它對(duì)防止國(guó)家權(quán)力濫用和保護(hù)公民的合法權(quán)益具有非常重要的作用。而行政強(qiáng)制制度作為一種控權(quán)制度,一方面有利于維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序,另一方面卻時(shí)刻威脅著公民的個(gè)體權(quán)利,如何在履行職責(zé)的同時(shí)又能使個(gè)體權(quán)利所受的損失限定在合理的范圍內(nèi),這就需要執(zhí)法人員在履行職責(zé)的過(guò)程中時(shí)刻貫徹比例原則的精神。為了研究比例原則在行政強(qiáng)制中如何適用,本文主要分四個(gè)部分對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析。 第一部分明確比例原則的基本內(nèi)涵及其產(chǎn)生的淵源,同時(shí)闡明比例原則在行政法中的定位并且分析比例原則在行政強(qiáng)制中的重要性。對(duì)于這一部分的寫(xiě)作目的在于熟悉比例原則的理論體系,并且通過(guò)對(duì)適用意義的闡述明了本文的寫(xiě)作目的： 第二部分重點(diǎn)介紹域外國(guó)家在行政強(qiáng)制中如何適用比例原則,本部分并未從宏觀上呈現(xiàn)國(guó)外在哪些法條中提到比例原則,而是從行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)法和司法審查的角度來(lái)對(duì)比例原則的運(yùn)用進(jìn)行介紹。對(duì)于這一部分的寫(xiě)作目的主要是通過(guò)對(duì)不同執(zhí)法適用方法以及司法審查模式的比較,來(lái)為我國(guó)提供可借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)； 第三部分是我國(guó)目前的行政強(qiáng)制法中比例原則的適用現(xiàn)狀,主要從立法現(xiàn)狀和執(zhí)法現(xiàn)狀加以介紹。其中在立法上,主要涉及設(shè)定、行政強(qiáng)制措施、行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行三個(gè)方面；在執(zhí)法上,則主要從城管執(zhí)法依據(jù)、執(zhí)法中存在的問(wèn)題以及比例原則在城管行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)法中的適用現(xiàn)狀的介紹來(lái)管窺如今比例原則在中國(guó)社會(huì)執(zhí)法領(lǐng)域適用情況。其研究目的是從適用的現(xiàn)狀中發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題和不足,為第五部分的寫(xiě)作打下基礎(chǔ)； 第四部分說(shuō)明比例原則在行政強(qiáng)制領(lǐng)域的適用中所遇到的困難,主要包括執(zhí)法和司法中的困難,從而找出解決這些難題的對(duì)策,主要從立法、執(zhí)法和司法三部分提出筆者的一點(diǎn)拙見(jiàn)。
[Abstract]:The principle of proportionality develops from the theory and practice of public law in modern western countries. It plays a very important role in preventing the abuse of state power and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. On the one hand, it is conducive to maintaining social order, on the other hand, it threatens the individual rights of citizens at all times. How to limit the loss of individual rights to a reasonable range while performing its duties, In order to study how the principle of proportionality is applied in administrative enforcement, this paper mainly analyzes this problem in four parts. The first part clarifies the basic connotation of the principle of proportion and its origin. At the same time, it clarifies the orientation of the principle of proportion in the administrative law and analyzes the importance of the principle of proportion in the administrative compulsion. The purpose of this part is to be familiar with the theoretical system of the principle of proportionality. And the purpose of this paper is clarified by expounding the meaning of application. The second part focuses on how to apply the principle of proportionality in the administrative enforcement of foreign countries. The purpose of this part is to introduce the application of the principle of proportionality from the angle of administrative enforcement and judicial review. The purpose of this part is mainly to compare the different methods of law enforcement and the mode of judicial review. To provide our country with the experience that can be used for reference; The third part is the current situation of the application of the principle of proportionality in the administrative compulsory law of our country, which is mainly introduced from the current legislative situation and the current situation of law enforcement, in which the legislation mainly involves three aspects: the establishment, the administrative coercive measure and the administrative enforcement; In terms of law enforcement, it is mainly based on the law enforcement basis of urban management. The problems existing in the law enforcement and the present situation of the application of the proportionality principle in the compulsory enforcement of urban management administration are introduced to see the application of the proportion principle in the field of law enforcement in China. The purpose of the study is to find out the problems and deficiencies in the application of the law enforcement principle. Lay the foundation for 5th part of writing; Part 4th describes the difficulties encountered in the application of the principle of proportionality in the field of administrative coercion, mainly including the difficulties in law enforcement and the administration of justice, so as to find solutions to these difficulties, mainly from the point of view of legislation, Three parts of law enforcement and justice put forward a point of view of the author.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1

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