【摘要】：“飆車型”危險(xiǎn)駕駛行為作為《刑法修正案(八)》新增的危險(xiǎn)駕駛罪的法定罪狀之一,被正式寫入刑法之中。從“飆車型”危險(xiǎn)駕駛行為入罪的立法沿革看來,最高人民法院將“飆車型”危險(xiǎn)駕駛行為抽象為危險(xiǎn)駕駛罪,這種違反交通安全管理法規(guī)的行為確立為犯罪,使其從行政處罰的領(lǐng)域進(jìn)入到刑法的控制領(lǐng)域。從刑事立法學(xué)的角度來講,危險(xiǎn)駕駛罪的構(gòu)成要件的設(shè)立,是中國刑法上的一個(gè)重大突破和改革,對(duì)于今后的刑法立法乃至司法領(lǐng)域均將產(chǎn)生重大的影響。 “飆車型”危險(xiǎn)駕駛的行為因其嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)危害性和主觀惡性,被吸納到刑法的調(diào)整范圍之中,存在其入罪的必要性和可行性,同時(shí)也符合我國寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)的刑事政策的要求和迎合了民眾的法律觀念,但在具體的司法實(shí)踐中仍然存在諸多的問題與困惑。“飆車型”危險(xiǎn)駕駛罪缺乏具體的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、機(jī)動(dòng)車認(rèn)定范圍和證據(jù)的收集與采信,模糊了我國行政處罰與刑事處罰的二元機(jī)制,使得行政處罰在“飆車型”危險(xiǎn)駕駛行為上被架空,兩者難以銜接。“飆車型”危險(xiǎn)駕駛行為入罪過分寬泛化,法定刑處罰不到位,使得現(xiàn)有的司法資源難以承擔(dān)追訴“飆車型”危險(xiǎn)駕駛行為犯罪的使命,容易造成選擇性執(zhí)法等問題。 要擺脫上述困境,現(xiàn)實(shí)對(duì)策就是明確“飆車型”危險(xiǎn)駕駛的概念及具體行為的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。嚴(yán)格將“飆車型”危險(xiǎn)駕駛罪的危險(xiǎn)行為規(guī)定為在道路上駕駛機(jī)動(dòng)車追逐競駛,情節(jié)惡劣的行為,同時(shí)要求行為實(shí)施時(shí)具備超速駕駛機(jī)動(dòng)車追趕他人并與之競爭的行為。對(duì)于“情節(jié)惡劣”的范圍限定在道路情況,機(jī)動(dòng)車的情況和參加“飆車”的人數(shù)、次數(shù)的多少,實(shí)際危害結(jié)果等情節(jié),還應(yīng)該適當(dāng)考慮行為人的個(gè)人狀況作出判斷。 筆者認(rèn)為,《刑法修正案(八)》中對(duì)于“飆車型”危險(xiǎn)駕駛罪的增設(shè)沒有作出具體的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),針對(duì)駕駛機(jī)動(dòng)車的范圍,追逐競駛的具體對(duì)象,情節(jié)惡劣的情況以及法定刑的處罰都沒有作出明確的司法解釋和認(rèn)定,給刑法理論研究和司法實(shí)務(wù)分析帶來困擾。因而在今后的刑法理論研究中應(yīng)該不斷的完善“飆車型”危險(xiǎn)駕駛罪的不足之處,使之更有利于我國刑事政策的發(fā)展要求。
[Abstract]:The "drag racing" dangerous driving behavior, as one of the new crimes of dangerous driving in the Criminal Law Amendment (8), has been written into the Criminal Law. From the legislative evolution of the criminalization of "drag racing" dangerous driving, the Supreme people's Court abstracts the "drag racing" dangerous driving as a dangerous driving crime, which violates the traffic safety regulations and regulations as a crime. Make it from the field of administrative punishment into the field of criminal law control. From the angle of criminal legislation, the establishment of the constitutive elements of the crime of dangerous driving is a major breakthrough and reform in Chinese criminal law, which will have a great impact on the future criminal law legislation and even the judicial field. Because of its serious social harmfulness and subjective malignancy, the behavior of "drag racing" dangerous driving is absorbed into the adjustment scope of the criminal law, and the necessity and feasibility of its incrimination exist. At the same time, it meets the requirements of our country's criminal policy of leniency and strict punishment and caters to the legal concept of the public, but there are still many problems and puzzles in the concrete judicial practice. The "drag racing type" dangerous driving crime lacks the concrete identification standard, the vehicle identification scope and the evidence collection and the adoption, has blurred our country administrative punishment and the criminal punishment binary mechanism, Make the administrative punishment in the "drag racing" dangerous driving behavior is elevated, the two are difficult to link up. "drag racing" dangerous driving behavior into the crime of broad division, legal punishment is not in place, making the existing judicial resources difficult to prosecute "drag racing type" dangerous driving behavior crime mission, easy to cause selective law enforcement and other problems. To get rid of the above predicament, the realistic countermeasure is to make clear the concept of "drag racing" dangerous driving and the identification standard of concrete behavior. The dangerous behavior of "drag racing" dangerous driving crime is strictly defined as driving a motor vehicle on the road to chase after a race, the behavior of bad circumstances, at the same time requiring the behavior of speeding motor vehicle to catch up with others and compete with it. The scope of "bad circumstances" is limited to the road condition, the condition of motor vehicle, the number of people participating in "drag racing", the number of times, the actual result of harm, and so on, and the individual condition of the perpetrator should be considered appropriately to make a judgment. The author believes that in the Criminal Law Amendment (8), there is no specific standard for the establishment of the "drag racing" crime of dangerous driving, and the specific object of the pursuit of race driving is aimed at the range of driving motor vehicles. The circumstance of abominable circumstance and the punishment of legal punishment have not made clear judicial explanation and cognizance, bring trouble to the theory research of criminal law and judicial practice analysis. Therefore, in the future study of the theory of criminal law, we should constantly perfect the deficiency of "drag racing" crime of dangerous driving, and make it more favorable to the development of our country's criminal policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.32

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