本文選題：性權(quán)利 + 男性性權(quán)利保護(hù)��； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致的文化、觀念的日趨多元化,公民的不同性取向也日漸得到整個(gè)社會(huì)的包容。而隨著性取向的愈發(fā)自由,接踵而至的是各種新型性犯罪的層出不窮。除了傳統(tǒng)的女性受害者外,包括男性在內(nèi)的任何人均有可能成為性犯罪的受害者。而縱觀我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的刑法規(guī)定,主要著力于對(duì)女性性權(quán)利的保護(hù),對(duì)未成年人性權(quán)利的保護(hù)有所涉及但并不完善,對(duì)于成年男性性權(quán)利的保護(hù)近年來(lái)有所進(jìn)步,但筆者認(rèn)為仍有不足。立法上的不足也導(dǎo)致了學(xué)術(shù)界在男性是否能夠成為強(qiáng)奸罪的受害人、婚內(nèi)強(qiáng)奸是否構(gòu)成強(qiáng)奸、對(duì)未成年人的性侵害是否適用嚴(yán)格責(zé)任等問(wèn)題上產(chǎn)生了分歧。筆者認(rèn)為,隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,公民性權(quán)利的刑法保護(hù)也應(yīng)相應(yīng)地進(jìn)行充分變革,故筆者試圖以本文來(lái)做一研究與闡述。本文共分為三章:第一章為概述,分為兩節(jié),作為后文論述展開(kāi)的基礎(chǔ)。第一節(jié)闡述了刑法中的性交、性權(quán)利等基本概念的界定,并著重體現(xiàn)了隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展而不斷進(jìn)化完善的過(guò)程,現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中性交的概念已不再局限于“男性性器官”進(jìn)入“女性性器官”。第二節(jié)闡述了我國(guó)公民性權(quán)利保護(hù)的立法沿革,主要包括我國(guó)刑法對(duì)公民性權(quán)利保護(hù)的立法演變、《刑法修正案(九)》關(guān)于公民性權(quán)利保護(hù)的規(guī)定以及我國(guó)刑法對(duì)公民性權(quán)利的保護(hù)尚存不足之處三方面內(nèi)容。第二章重點(diǎn)闡述了隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展,我國(guó)刑法對(duì)成年男性性權(quán)利的刑法保護(hù)愈發(fā)顯得不足。本章主要從男性性權(quán)利受侵害的主要類型、域外刑法對(duì)男性性權(quán)利保護(hù)的刑事立法模式以及完善刑法對(duì)男性性權(quán)利保護(hù)的必要性和可行性等方面進(jìn)行了論述。男性遭受的性侵害具有特殊性,其來(lái)源可能是來(lái)自異性,也可能是來(lái)自同性。從統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果來(lái)看,針對(duì)男性的性侵害來(lái)自同性的情形更為常見(jiàn),這也與針對(duì)女性的性侵害主要來(lái)自異性有所區(qū)別。從各國(guó)立法實(shí)踐來(lái)看,無(wú)論大陸法系國(guó)家、英美法系國(guó)家還是我國(guó)的港、澳、臺(tái)地區(qū),均在立法中趨向于對(duì)男性性權(quán)利的保護(hù)予以重視,主要體現(xiàn)在將性犯罪的犯罪對(duì)象從過(guò)去傳統(tǒng)的女性,擴(kuò)大到包含男性。筆者認(rèn)為,無(wú)論是社會(huì)發(fā)展提出的迫切需求,還是其他法域立法的趨勢(shì),均為我國(guó)加強(qiáng)對(duì)男性性權(quán)利的刑法保護(hù)提出了要求。我國(guó)刑法和司法實(shí)踐中對(duì)男性性權(quán)利保護(hù)的不足,有其歷史原因。首先是源于長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)占據(jù)社會(huì)主流思想地位的男尊女卑思想和男權(quán)本位思想。在這種思想的影響下,普遍認(rèn)為兩性之間的性關(guān)系,永遠(yuǎn)是男性獲得了資源,占到了便宜,自然談不上需要對(duì)男性性權(quán)利進(jìn)行保護(hù)。其次,我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)思想對(duì)同性之間的情感視為禁忌,不愿承認(rèn),避之不及,故對(duì)社會(huì)上實(shí)際存在的男男性行為視而不見(jiàn),導(dǎo)同性的性侵犯無(wú)法被認(rèn)定為強(qiáng)奸。然而,近年來(lái)見(jiàn)報(bào)的男性被性侵的案件數(shù)量激增,其所帶來(lái)的社會(huì)后果不可忽視。這也反映了必須從立法角度對(duì)男性性權(quán)利進(jìn)行刑法保護(hù)的必要性。無(wú)論是基于憲法精神,還是基于完善刑法功能之需要,都應(yīng)當(dāng)將男性納入強(qiáng)奸罪的犯罪對(duì)象。《刑法修正案(九)》已經(jīng)邁出了第一步,將“強(qiáng)制猥褻、侮辱婦女罪”修改為“強(qiáng)制猥褻、侮辱罪”,相當(dāng)于將全體公民不分性別、年齡地納入到了本罪的犯罪對(duì)象之中,這也可以認(rèn)為是近年來(lái)我國(guó)逐步加大對(duì)男性性權(quán)利保護(hù)的一種立法趨勢(shì)。第三章主要論述我國(guó)對(duì)成年女性以及未成年人性權(quán)利的刑法保護(hù)上的一些不足,包括婚內(nèi)強(qiáng)奸是否能夠得到認(rèn)定,以及在認(rèn)定未成年人性權(quán)利被侵害時(shí)是否應(yīng)適用嚴(yán)格責(zé)任等問(wèn)題。關(guān)于強(qiáng)奸罪侵害的法益屬于何種性質(zhì),也隨著社會(huì)觀念的發(fā)展變化而經(jīng)歷了財(cái)產(chǎn)法益、道德法益、權(quán)利法益的發(fā)展變化的過(guò)程。在現(xiàn)有法律理論體系下,以及在倫理學(xué)、性學(xué)等其他學(xué)科的體系內(nèi),既然性已成為歸屬女性自身的,女性可獨(dú)立自主決定是否與包括丈夫在內(nèi)的任何男性進(jìn)行性交,那么婚姻關(guān)系似乎不應(yīng)再成為免責(zé)的保護(hù)傘,丈夫在某些情況下應(yīng)可以成為強(qiáng)奸罪的主體。筆者建議在現(xiàn)有的《刑法》規(guī)定的基礎(chǔ)上,區(qū)分婚姻所處的不同狀態(tài),對(duì)婚內(nèi)強(qiáng)奸罪的認(rèn)定做出詳細(xì)的規(guī)定,且建議不以受害人的告訴為前提,以完善對(duì)婚姻關(guān)系存續(xù)期間女性性權(quán)利的保護(hù)。在未成年人性權(quán)利保護(hù)方面,未成年人與成年人最主要的區(qū)別在于無(wú)法正確認(rèn)識(shí)性行為的意義,以及性行為對(duì)自身的危害性。故在對(duì)未成年人性權(quán)利進(jìn)行保護(hù)時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)適用嚴(yán)格責(zé)任,即不應(yīng)以行為人明知或應(yīng)當(dāng)明知行為對(duì)象是未成年人為前提,而應(yīng)一律以行為對(duì)象的年齡是否處于特殊保護(hù)的區(qū)間為準(zhǔn)則。當(dāng)然,對(duì)于行為人確實(shí)因疏忽產(chǎn)生“誤認(rèn)”的情況(如因幼女生理發(fā)育較為成熟而導(dǎo)致行為人疏忽而未核實(shí)行為對(duì)象的年齡等情形),可在量刑時(shí)予以相應(yīng)的考量與平衡。
[Abstract]:With the culture caused by social development and the growing diversity of ideas, the different sexual orientation of citizens is also increasingly inclusive of the whole society. With the increasing freedom of sexual orientation, all kinds of new sex crimes emerge in endlessly. In addition to the traditional female victims, any person including men, including men, may become a sexual offender. The protection of female sexual rights is mainly focused on the protection of female sexual rights, but the protection of sexual rights of minors is involved but not perfect. The protection of sexual rights for adult males has progressed in recent years, but the author thinks there are still shortcomings. As a victim of rape, whether marital rape constitutes rape or not, there is a difference in the strict liability for sexual abuse of minors. The author believes that with the development of the society, the criminal law protection of civil rights should be fully changed, so the author tries to do a research and Exposition in this article. The first chapter is divided into three chapters: the first chapter is divided into two sections, which are divided into two sections. The first section expounds the definition of the basic concepts of sexual intercourse and sexual rights in criminal law, and emphasizes the process of continuous evolution and perfection with the development of society. The concept of sexual intercourse in modern society is no longer limited to "male sex organs" entering the "male sex organs". The second section expounds the legislative evolution of the protection of citizens' sexual rights in our country, mainly including the legislative evolution of the protection of civil rights in our criminal law, the amendment of the criminal law (nine), the provisions on the protection of civil rights and the three aspects of the protection of the civil rights in our criminal law. The second chapter focuses on the explanation. With the continuous development of the society, the criminal law of China has become more and more inadequate in criminal law protection for adult male sexual rights. This chapter mainly from the main types of male sexual rights infringement, the criminal legislation mode of the extraterritorial criminal law on the protection of male sexual rights and the necessity and feasibility of improving the protection of male sexual rights by criminal law and so on. Sexual assault from men may come from the opposite sex and may be from the same sex. From the statistical results, the sex abuse against men is more common, and the sexual abuse against women is mainly from the opposite sex. From the legislative practice of various countries, civil law countries Home, Anglo American legal system and China's port, Australia and Taiwan area all tend to pay attention to the protection of male sexual rights in legislation, which is mainly reflected in the enlargement of the object of sexual crime from the traditional women to the inclusion of men. It is all for our country to strengthen the protection of male sexual rights in criminal law. There are historical reasons for the lack of male sexual rights protection in our criminal law and judicial practice. First of all, it originated from the patriarchal thought and the male right standard thought which occupied the mainstream ideology of the society for a long time. Under the influence of this thought, it is generally considered that the sexes are sexes The sexual relationship between men and women has always been the resource of men, which has taken advantage of the nature. Naturally, it is not necessary to protect male sexual rights. Secondly, the traditional thoughts of our country are taboo on the emotion between the same sex, unwilling to admit and avoid it, so it is impossible to see the male sex behavior in the society, and the sexual assault of the guide can not be identified. For rape. However, in recent years, the number of men who has been reported to be sexually assaulted has been increasing and the social consequences of it can not be ignored. It also reflects the necessity of criminal law protection for male sexual rights from the legislative point of view. Men should be included in the crime of rape, whether based on the constitutional spirit or the need to improve the function of the criminal law. The criminal law amendment (nine) has taken the first step to amend "compulsory indecency and insult women" as "coercive indecency and insult", which is equivalent to the inclusion of all citizens without gender and age into the object of the crime. This can also be recognized as a gradual increase in the protection of male sexual rights in China in recent years. A legislative trend. The third chapter mainly discusses the shortcomings of our country's criminal law protection for adult women and the sexual rights of minors, including whether marital rape can be identified, and whether strict liability should be applied to the identification of the sexual rights of minors. With the development and change of social concept, it has experienced the process of the development and change of property law benefit, moral legal benefit and right legal benefit. In the system of existing legal theory, and in the system of ethics, sexology and other disciplines, since sex has become a woman itself, women can decide independently whether to include anything including husbands. The marriage relationship seems not to be an exemption umbrella, and the husband should be the subject of the crime of rape in some cases. The author suggests that on the basis of the existing provisions of the criminal law, the different state of marriage should be distinguished and the determination of the crime of rape in marriage is specified in detail, and the suggestion is not to be taken by the victim. It is the premise to improve the protection of sexual rights of women during the marriage relationship. In the protection of the sexual rights of minors, the main difference between minors and adults lies in the inability to correctly recognize the meaning of sexual behavior and the harmfulness of sexual behavior to themselves. Responsibility should not be based on the premise that the perpetrator knows or should know that the object of behavior is a minor, and should be the criterion of whether the age of the object is in a special protection. Of course, for the perpetrator, the situation of "misrecognition" is indeed caused by negligence (such as the neglect of the perpetrator because of the maturity of the young girl's hairdresser. " When the age of the object is implemented, it can be considered and balanced in sentencing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D924

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