本文選題：中立行為 + 犯罪化��； 參考：《安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,一些外表看上去無害與犯罪無關(guān)的不追求非法目的的日常生活行為,客觀上卻對(duì)他人的犯罪產(chǎn)生一定的促進(jìn)作用,刑法理論通常稱之為中立行為或者中立的幫助行為。因此類行為具有日常生活性,可替代性等特征,一般不認(rèn)為是犯罪行為。但現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,越來越多的日常生活行為對(duì)他人的犯罪行為產(chǎn)生影響,造成法益侵害的結(jié)果,產(chǎn)生一定的社會(huì)危害性。刑法理論和實(shí)踐中大都根據(jù)共同犯罪的理論將中立行為作為幫助行為進(jìn)行認(rèn)定。若中立行為與犯罪實(shí)行行為之間具有關(guān)聯(lián)性,行為人主觀上對(duì)犯罪行為有所認(rèn)識(shí),則將該種行為認(rèn)定為幫助行為似乎無可非議。但是,中立行為能否犯罪化,中立行為犯罪化的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在刑法理論及司法實(shí)踐中仍存有爭(zhēng)議。為了更好的保護(hù)法益,適應(yīng)時(shí)代的發(fā)展,也為了能保障公民自由,本文對(duì)中立行為犯罪化的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行研究,希望界定出中立行為罪與非罪的界限,明確中立行為犯罪化的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文對(duì)中立行為的概念進(jìn)行了界定,將中立行為與共同犯罪理論中的幫助行為區(qū)分開來,具體分析中立行為犯罪化過程中存在的理論爭(zhēng)議和實(shí)踐爭(zhēng)議。然后分析借鑒大陸法系和英美法系學(xué)者關(guān)于中立行為犯罪化的學(xué)說觀點(diǎn),得出對(duì)中立行為可以進(jìn)行犯罪化處理但應(yīng)當(dāng)限制處罰的結(jié)論。對(duì)中立行為進(jìn)行犯罪化時(shí)應(yīng)充分考量客觀行為的特殊性和社會(huì)法益保護(hù)之間的利益衡量,依照罪刑法定原則,在排除各項(xiàng)免責(zé)事由的基礎(chǔ)上才能對(duì)中立行為作犯罪化的處理。對(duì)中立行為犯罪化的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在客觀歸責(zé)理論的基礎(chǔ)上綜合考察行為人的主觀方面和客觀方面。中立行為犯罪化的客觀認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是依據(jù)客觀歸責(zé)理論判斷中立行為是否制造并實(shí)現(xiàn)了法所不允許的危險(xiǎn)。若制造并實(shí)現(xiàn)了法所不允許的危險(xiǎn),且危害結(jié)果發(fā)生在犯罪構(gòu)成要件的效力范圍內(nèi),則符合犯罪成立的客觀要件。中立行為犯罪化的主觀認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是對(duì)中立行為的認(rèn)識(shí)因素和意志因素進(jìn)行考察。中立行為成立幫助犯應(yīng)當(dāng)以行為人主觀上明知犯罪實(shí)行行為的存在為前提,然后需要具備促進(jìn)他人犯罪行為的故意為意志因素才能認(rèn)定中立行為人具備中立行為犯罪化的主觀因素。將主客觀方面相結(jié)合,共同作為認(rèn)定中立行為犯罪化的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文最后從商品銷售行為,運(yùn)輸服務(wù)行為,網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)行為以及履行民事義務(wù)行為等幾種具體中立行為犯罪化分析來驗(yàn)證上述認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的合理性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of social economy, some daily life behavior, which does not seem to be harmless to crime, does not pursue illegal purposes, but objectively promotes the crime of others. The theory of criminal law is usually called neutral or neutral help. Therefore, the class behavior has the daily life, replaceable and so on. Characteristics, generally do not think of crime, but in real life, more and more daily life behavior has an impact on the criminal behavior of others, resulting in the result of the infringement of legal benefits, producing certain social harmfulness. In the theory and practice of criminal law, most of the criminal theory and practice based on the theory of common crime as a neutral act as a help behavior. If neutrality is neutral. There is a relationship between behavior and the act of crime, and the actor has a subjective understanding of the criminal behavior, and it seems to be unreputed as a help act. However, whether the neutral act can be criminalization, the standard of neutralization of neutrality is still controversial in the criminal law theory and the practice of the law. In order to adapt to the development of the times and to guarantee the freedom of the citizens, this paper studies the related issues of the criminalization of neutral behavior, and hopes to define the boundary between the crime of neutrality and the non crime and the identification of the criminalization of neutrality. This article defines the concept of neutral behavior, and will help the neutral behavior and the theory of common crime help. It analyzes the theoretical and practical disputes that exist in the process of criminalization of neutrality, and then analyzes the theoretical views on the criminalization of neutral behavior by the civil law and Anglo American law scholars, and draws the conclusion that the neutrality can be criminalized but should be limited to the penalty. In the case of guilt, we should consider the particularity of the objective behavior and the measure of the interests between the protection of social legal interests. In accordance with the principle of legal punishment, the neutralization of the neutral act can be dealt with on the basis of the exclusion of various disclaimers. In view and objective aspects, the objective criterion for criminalization of neutral behavior is to judge whether the neutrality is made by the objective imputation theory and realize the danger that the law does not allow. If the danger is not allowed by the law, and the result of the harm occurs within the scope of the validity of the constitutive elements of the crime, it is in conformity with the objective of the crime. The subjective criteria for criminalization of neutral behavior are the investigation of the cognitive factors and will factors of neutral behavior. The neutral behavior should be based on the existence of the behavior of the subjective aware of the crime by the actor, and then it needs to have the intentional factor of willpower to promote the criminal behavior of others to identify the neutral behavior. People have the subjective factors of criminalization of neutral behavior. It combines the subjective and objective aspects as the standard for criminalization of neutral behavior. This article finally proves the combination of several specific neutral lines, such as commodity sales behavior, transport service behavior, network service behavior and the performance of civil obligations. Reason.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D924.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 車潤(rùn)海;論刑法中的中立幫助行為[D];華東政法大學(xué);2016年

2 鄭夢(mèng)凌;中立的幫助行為研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2016年

3 顧穎;中立幫助行為的可罰性分析[D];山東大學(xué);2016年

4 郝浩;中立幫助行為的刑法規(guī)制[D];山東大學(xué);2015年

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本文編號(hào)：1947291