發(fā)布時間：2018-05-07 15:21

  本文選題：保安處分 + 社會防衛(wèi)　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：保安處分是指法院依照法定程序并根據(jù)刑法的明文規(guī)定,對實(shí)施了刑事不法行為且審查時仍具有社會危險性的行為人所適用的,旨在改善危險者、防衛(wèi)社會的一種與刑罰并列的刑事法律后果。早在古希臘時期,西方就有保安處分的思想及相關(guān)規(guī)定,但直至18世紀(jì)末,德國學(xué)者克萊因才明確提出"保安處分" 一詞。此后,保安處分的研究逐步由自發(fā)性的零散規(guī)定轉(zhuǎn)為自覺性的系統(tǒng)研究。近代保安處分的理論基礎(chǔ)為社會防衛(wèi)理論,且該理論的具體內(nèi)涵處于不斷發(fā)展之中。理論中關(guān)于保安處分與刑罰的關(guān)系有"一元論"和"二元論"之分。一元論認(rèn)為二者統(tǒng)一于預(yù)防犯罪、防衛(wèi)社會的目的,僅有量的差別而無質(zhì)的差異;二元論則認(rèn)為,刑罰以罪責(zé)為基礎(chǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)對犯罪的報應(yīng),而保安處分以人身危險性為基礎(chǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)對犯罪的預(yù)防,二者存在質(zhì)的差異。二元制下,保安處分與刑罰的適用又有并科主義與代替主義之分。鑒于保安處分易被濫用的風(fēng)險及我國現(xiàn)實(shí)的人文基礎(chǔ)、司法環(huán)境,現(xiàn)階段保安處分的地位應(yīng)為:立法上的并列性,適用、執(zhí)行上的補(bǔ)充性。我國同樣存在保安處分的源流。上古時期就已存在保安思想,且該思想被世代繼承并形成了相應(yīng)的具體措施。民國時期,受西學(xué)東漸影響,立法中出現(xiàn)了類似西方保安處分的措施,并于1935年建立了系統(tǒng)的保安處分制度。新中國成立后,規(guī)定有保安處分制度的民國法律被廢止,保安處分制度亦不復(fù)存在。現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)中雖存在許多保安性措施,但在法源、體系、程序等方面都存在諸多問題。我國保安處分制度的構(gòu)建應(yīng)以刑事法典為依托。具體而言:在實(shí)體方面,保安處分的適用條件應(yīng)包括不法行為與人身危險性,保安處分的種類應(yīng)包括收容教養(yǎng)、強(qiáng)制醫(yī)療、強(qiáng)制勞動、保安監(jiān)禁、禁止令、保護(hù)觀察、驅(qū)逐出境、善行保證、保安沒收九種。在程序方面,保安處分的適用應(yīng)堅(jiān)持程序司法化,并形成有效的監(jiān)督制約機(jī)制。此外,應(yīng)建立或完善相應(yīng)的配套制度設(shè)施以保障保安處分制度的有效實(shí)施。
[Abstract]:Security measures refer to the application of the court, in accordance with legal procedures and in accordance with the express provisions of the criminal law, to the perpetrators who have committed a criminal unlawful act and are still socially dangerous at the time of examination, with the aim of improving the dangerous person, Defense society is a kind of criminal legal consequence juxtaposed with penalty. As early as the ancient Greek period, the western countries had the thought and the related stipulation of the security measure, but it was not until the end of the 18th century that the German scholar Klein put forward the word "security measure". Since then, the study of security measures has gradually changed from spontaneous scattered regulations to systematic study of self-consciousness. The theoretical basis of modern security measures is the theory of social defense, and the specific connotation of the theory is constantly developing. In theory, there are monism and dualism in the relation between security measures and penalty. Monism holds that the two are unified in crime prevention and the purpose of defending society, with only quantitative differences and no qualitative differences. Dualism holds that punishment is based on guilt and emphasizes retribution for crime, while security measures are based on personal dangerousness. Emphasis on the prevention of crime, there is a qualitative difference between the two. Under dualistic system, the application of security measure and penalty is divided into the doctrine of amalgamation and the doctrine of substitution. In view of the risk that security measures are easy to be abused and the humanistic basis of our country's reality, the status of security measures at present should be: the juxtaposition of legislation, the application of security measures and the supplement of enforcement. China also has the source of security measures. Security thought existed in ancient times, and this thought was inherited from generation to generation and formed corresponding concrete measures. In the period of the Republic of China, influenced by the gradual development of western learning to the east, some measures similar to western security measures appeared in the legislation, and a systematic system of security measures was established in 1935. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Republic of China laws providing for security measures were abolished and the security measures system ceased to exist. Although there are many security measures in current laws and regulations, there are many problems in legal source, system, procedure and so on. The construction of the system of security measures in our country should be based on the criminal code. Specifically, in the case of entities, the applicable conditions for security measures should include unlawful acts and personal danger, and the types of security measures should include institutionalization, compulsory medical treatment, compulsory labour, security imprisonment, restraining orders, protective observations, Deportation, good deeds guarantee, security confiscation of nine. In the aspect of procedure, the application of security measures should adhere to the judicial procedure and form an effective mechanism of supervision and restriction. In addition, we should establish or perfect the corresponding supporting system facilities to ensure the effective implementation of the security sanction system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.1
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本文編號：1857440