發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-23 19:02

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 競(jìng)技體育 刑法介入 規(guī)避范圍 規(guī)制理由 規(guī)制途徑　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)主義法治建設(shè)的不斷發(fā)展和人們法律意識(shí)的逐步加強(qiáng)，依法治體成為體育管理法治化的重要方略，同時(shí)，競(jìng)技體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的廣泛開展為法律介入體育領(lǐng)域提供了可持續(xù)的調(diào)控空間。近年來，隨著中國國際地位的提升和文化交流的需要增多，我國舉辦國際競(jìng)技體育比賽的活動(dòng)越來越多；為了增強(qiáng)人民體質(zhì)，滿足人民群眾日益增長(zhǎng)的健康、快樂的精神生活需求，國內(nèi)各項(xiàng)競(jìng)技體育賽事也頻繁舉辦。競(jìng)技體育的競(jìng)技性、對(duì)抗性決定了體育傷害事件的出現(xiàn)是不可避免的，但是，有些運(yùn)動(dòng)團(tuán)體和運(yùn)動(dòng)員為了追求比賽可能帶來的物質(zhì)和精神利益，嚴(yán)重違反比賽規(guī)則、造成了為法律所禁止的不必要的傷害。對(duì)于這些現(xiàn)象，法學(xué)工作者不能視若罔聞，應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)研究，并最終提出合理的、可操作的解決方案，為今后立法司法工作打好基礎(chǔ)。 對(duì)于競(jìng)技體育行為，我們首先需要進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的定義和分類，明確刑法介入的范圍，在合理的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行規(guī)制，不能簡(jiǎn)單的一概而論。競(jìng)技體育傷害中部分行為具有正當(dāng)性，，不應(yīng)對(duì)其采取刑事法律的規(guī)制。但是這類行為的正當(dāng)性理論體系還沒有完善，在國內(nèi)外刑法學(xué)界還有很多待解決的理論爭(zhēng)議，本文在總結(jié)和分析國內(nèi)外的競(jìng)技體育傷害行為正當(dāng)性理論的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了三位一體的理論構(gòu)想。從國家、社會(huì)和個(gè)人三個(gè)層面來充分證明部分競(jìng)技體育傷害行為的正當(dāng)性，排除其違法性，進(jìn)而得出規(guī)制范圍和方法。 同時(shí)，關(guān)注到另一部分的競(jìng)技體育傷害行為，具有違法性，造成了嚴(yán)重危害結(jié)果，對(duì)國家和體育的健康發(fā)展有消極的影響，應(yīng)當(dāng)被刑法所規(guī)制。這部分行為應(yīng)當(dāng)做明確規(guī)范，范圍不宜過大。規(guī)范范圍的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)當(dāng)兼顧體育學(xué)和刑法學(xué)兩個(gè)方面。對(duì)一定范圍競(jìng)技體育傷害行為的規(guī)制有利于體育事業(yè)的健康發(fā)展，有利于體育競(jìng)技秩序的建立和維護(hù)，有利于綜合國力和人民體質(zhì)的增強(qiáng)。 本文運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)分析、比較研究、邏輯推理等基本學(xué)術(shù)研究方法對(duì)競(jìng)技體育傷害的刑法調(diào)整原則和調(diào)整范圍進(jìn)行了界定。對(duì)輕微違反體育道德和體育規(guī)則的競(jìng)技體育傷害行為的正當(dāng)性進(jìn)行了分析，提出了刑法對(duì)不具備可罰性的競(jìng)技體育傷害行為應(yīng)當(dāng)采取規(guī)避態(tài)度的觀點(diǎn)。同時(shí)，對(duì)嚴(yán)重競(jìng)技體育傷害行為應(yīng)當(dāng)加以刑法規(guī)制的理論依據(jù)進(jìn)行了闡述，認(rèn)為對(duì)于嚴(yán)重違反體育規(guī)則、基于故意或重大過失造成的不應(yīng)出現(xiàn)的嚴(yán)重傷害事件應(yīng)當(dāng)加以刑法介入。對(duì)競(jìng)技體育傷害案件進(jìn)行刑法規(guī)制應(yīng)采取適當(dāng)又切實(shí)可行的方法。在立法方面，可以增加相關(guān)罪名或在殺人罪、傷害罪中增加相應(yīng)條款，考慮到競(jìng)技體育犯罪的特殊性和輕于普通犯罪的社會(huì)危害性，應(yīng)采取較輕刑罰；在法律尚未修改，法無明文規(guī)定的情況下，可以以故意殺人、傷害罪或過失致人死亡、過失致人傷害罪定性，將賽場(chǎng)和賽時(shí)作為酌情量刑情節(jié)考量，判處行為人較輕刑罰。 刑法是否介入競(jìng)技體育傷害行為問題在學(xué)術(shù)界和實(shí)務(wù)界都存在爭(zhēng)議。原因在于：嚴(yán)重違規(guī)并具備可罰性的案件出現(xiàn)的概率偏低，國內(nèi)外缺乏立法先例，多采取體育組織依照行業(yè)處罰規(guī)則處理的既有方式。鑒于此，刑法介入競(jìng)技體育領(lǐng)域應(yīng)采取謹(jǐn)慎、適度的態(tài)度。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the construction of socialist rule of law and the legal consciousness of people gradually strengthen, according to law has become an important strategy of sports management by law at the same time, the competitive sports to carry out a wide range of legal intervention in sports area provides space for sustainable regulation. In recent years, with the China promotion of international status and cultural exchanges increased, more activities are held in China International Sports Competition; in order to enhance the people's physique, meet the people's growing health, happiness needs spiritual life, the domestic sports events are frequently held. Competitive sports, against the decision sports injuries is inevitable, but some sports group in order to pursue the game and athletes may bring the moral and material interests, a serious violation of the rules of the game, which is prohibited by law. Unnecessary harm. For these phenomena, law workers cannot be considered nothing, should strengthen the research and put forward the reasonable and feasible solutions, to lay a good foundation for legislative and judicial work in the future.
For competitive sports behavior, we first need to define and classify the accurate, clear criminal law, regulation in a reasonable range, not easy to generalize. Part of the behavior of competitive sports injury has legitimacy, it should not take the regulation of criminal law. But the system justification of this kind of behavior is not perfect in the criminal law field, there are many unsolved theoretical disputes, based on the summary and analysis of the basic theory of legitimacy of competitive sports injury behavior home and abroad, put forward the theoretical system of three-in-one. From the state, legitimacy proved sports injury behavior part three levels of social and individual, exclude the illegal, then obtains the scope of regulation and method.
At the same time, pay attention to the injury behavior of the other part of the competitive sports, is illegal, causing serious harm results, have a negative impact on the healthy development of the country and sports, should be regulated by the criminal law. This behavior should be clear and standardized, the range should not be too large. We should regulate the scope of both sports and standard the criminal law in two aspects. The regulation of sports injury in a certain range is conducive to the healthy development of sports undertakings, establish and maintain a favorable sports order, is conducive to enhancing the overall national strength and people's health.
This article uses the literature analysis, comparative research methods, the basic academic research on the logic of competitive sports injury of the criminal law principle and adjust the scope was defined. The validity of the damage behavior of minor breaches of sports ethics and rules of competitive sports are analyzed, the criminal law does not have the injury behavior of the punishment of competitive sports should take evasive view. At the same time, the theoretical basis of serious sports injury behavior should be regulated by the criminal law are described, for serious violations of sports rules, serious injuries caused by intentional or gross negligence should not appear should be based on criminal law. On the sports injury cases of criminal law should adopt the method appropriate and feasible. In the aspect of legislation, can increase the relevant charges or in homicide, assault in terms of the corresponding increase, consider To the special social harmfulness of sports crime and light to ordinary crime, should take a lighter punishment; in the law has not been modified, without a law case, with intentional homicide, injury or death caused by negligence, negligence causing injury crime will be qualitative, competition and game as a discretionary sentencing if the circumstances are considered, the behavior of people sentenced to lighter punishment.
Whether the criminal law involved in competitive sports injury behavior problems in the academic circles and practical circles are controversial. The reason lies in: serious violations and have low probability of punishment cases at home and abroad, the lack of legislative precedent, take sports organizations in accordance with the punishment rules both. In view of this, the criminal involved in sports field should be take a cautious, modest attitude.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.1

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