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刑法中因果關系錯誤問題研究

發(fā)布時間:2018-01-23 17:56

  本文關鍵詞: 因果關系錯誤 人權保障 法益保護 出處:《吉林大學》2014年碩士論文 論文類型:學位論文


【摘要】:因果關系錯誤是我國刑法領域非常重要的問題,因為因果關系錯誤通常與罪與非罪、此罪彼罪、未遂既遂問題交織在一起,所以對行為人的實行行為進行歸責意義重大,對刑法學界與司法實踐都有重要的價值,由于我國的刑法典中也沒有相關內(nèi)容的規(guī)定,同時因果關系錯誤問題也存在著很多爭議的問題,在司法實踐領域產(chǎn)生很多分歧,容易滋生法律風險,削弱法律權威,使行為人與被害人的合法權利都得不到切實的保障。 學界通說觀點認為法定符合說是解決因果關系錯誤的最好辦法,本文以人權保障與法益保護為視角,通過運用比較研究方法和案例分析方法,對具體符合說與法定符合說進行了細致的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)具體符合說與法定符合說在解決因果關系錯誤問題上存在著理論缺陷。具體符合說在構成要件內(nèi)具體的相一致才能成立故意犯罪既遂,由于條件的苛刻在很大程度上阻止了故意犯罪既遂的成立,正是由于這樣的問題的存在,現(xiàn)在理論界已經(jīng)很少有人在主張具體符合說了。法定符合說在法益保護上有效的保護了被害人的權益,并且在法定的構成要件內(nèi)一致就成立故意犯罪既遂,成立故意犯罪既遂的門檻較低,,并且沒有細分行為在實施危害行為時的故意,沒有做到具體問題具體分析,極有可能成為人們?yōu)E用刑法的合理借口,極容易損害行為人的利益,不利于人權保障這一刑法機能的發(fā)揮。 本文通過在整體與部分的視角對因果關系錯誤問題進行了比較分析,通過對我國當前的理論觀點與德日刑法理論界的通說觀點進行評析,進一步了解因果關系錯誤問題及其下位概念中事前故意與結果提前實現(xiàn)的相關理論,加深了對因果關系錯誤問題及因果關系錯誤類型案例的主客觀構成的認識。本文在對事前故意與結果提前實現(xiàn)類型案例中的行為人的實行行為與其包含在行為背后的故意進行細分,發(fā)現(xiàn)在不同內(nèi)容的故意支配下行為人實施危害行為如果用統(tǒng)一的標準歸責,在行為人與被害人利益平衡時會有所偏失,人權保障與法益保護兩大刑法機能也達不到理想的平衡狀態(tài)。而任何一種科學合理的學說與方法都應該在人權保障與法益保護兩大機能之間尋求最佳平衡狀態(tài)。 本文正是以人權保障與法益保護刑法的兩大機能為視角,通過對當前我國與德日刑法學界的理論學說進行評析,發(fā)現(xiàn)每種學說的合理與不足之處,探索在解決因果關系錯誤問題類型的最優(yōu)途徑。本文通過對行為人的實行行為與背后故意情況的細分,發(fā)現(xiàn)在這類案例中根據(jù)行為人所持故意的不同,我們應當具體分析第一行為與第二行為在不同種類故意支配下所產(chǎn)生出的不同情況做分類討論,對行為人的故意進行更加深入的探索,當然這需要司法實踐活動中提供充足的證據(jù)作為支撐。之所以這樣做并不是簡單為行為人出罪提供理論借口,而是通過對故意的細分使行為人的惡故意更加鮮明的擺在我們面前,使犯罪意圖決絕的行為人的犯罪故意無處遁形,而犯罪故意惡性不大的行為人理應減輕處罰。這樣使法律的公平性、可接受性、權威性得到切實的貫徹,也使人權保障機能與法益保護機能之間得到最佳平衡。在苛責行為人的同時,也使行為人的權利得到應有的保障。
[Abstract]:The causation error is a very important problem in China's criminal law field, because causality errors are commonly associated with crime and non crime, this crime and that crime, attempted crime problems are intertwined, so for the implementation of the perpetrator's behavior imputation is significant, and has important value of community and judicial practice of criminal law, the provisions no related content in our criminal law, and causality errors also exist many controversial issues, have a lot of differences in the field of judicial practice, easy to breed the legal risk, the authority of law, legal rights and harmful behavior that are not effectively protected.
The academic viewpoint is that that is to say, is the best way to deal with false causality, the protection of human rights and the protection of law from the perspective of method and case analysis method by using comparative study, to meet the specific that the detailed analysis and legal compliance, and statutory compliance with said that in resolving the cause the relationship between error problems. Theoretical defect of concrete accord in cabstand consistent to the establishment of specific accomplishment of intentional crime, because of the harsh conditions to a great extent prevent intentional crime accomplishment, it is precisely because of such problems, now the theory has rarely been in favor of concrete accord said. That is to say, in the protection of the interests of the law on the effective protection of the rights and interests of the victims, and the legal elements in the agreement on the establishment of crime of intentional crime, intentional crime The accomplishment of the low threshold, and no intentional behavior in the implementation of subdivision harmful action, no specific problem analysis, is likely to be a reasonable excuse for people to abuse of criminal law, is very easy to damage the interests of the people, is not conducive to the protection of human rights in the criminal law function of play.
This paper through the comparative analysis in whole and in part from the perspective of false causality problem, based on the theory of current China and the German and Japanese criminal law theory view analysis, further understanding of the relevant theory of causality error and its subordinate concept in advance intention and results ahead of schedule to achieve, to deepen the understanding of causality the relationship between error and the causal relationship between the subjective and objective error type case. Based on the composition and the type of intentional advance ahead of schedule to achieve in the case of the implementation of the perpetrator's behavior and behavior behind the intention contained in the subdivision, found in different contents under the control of the perpetrator intentionally harm behavior if the standard of liability that will be due to the deviation in behavior and victim of balance of interests, the protection of human rights and interests protection two functions of criminal law can not reach the ideal balance. And any scientific and reasonable theory and method should seek the best balance between the two functions of the protection of human rights and the protection of legal interests.
This paper is based on the two functions of human rights protection and legal protection of criminal law from the perspective of the analysis through the theory of current China and the German and Japanese criminal law scholars, found that each theory is reasonable and inadequate exploration in solving the optimal path type false causality problem. Based on the behavior of the implementation of behind the intentional behavior and segmentation, found in this case according to the behavior of people deliberately holding different, we should first analyzes different behavior and behavior of second produced in different kinds of intentional under the domination of classified discussion, on the behavior of the intention to explore more in-depth, of course, the need to provide as the support of sufficient evidence in judicial practice. The reason for doing so is not simply to acts of crime and provide a theoretical excuse, but through the deliberate evil people deliberately make behavior segmentation more Bright in front of us, the criminal intent of the perpetrator of the crime of intentionally refuse nowhere to hide, and intentional crime behavior should not malignant. So the mitigated punishment of the legal fairness, acceptability, authority has been effectively implemented, the protection of human rights can obtain the best balance between protection and function of legal interest. In the critical behavior of people at the same time, the behavior of human rights.

【學位授予單位】:吉林大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:D924.1

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