本文選題：美國憲法 + 憲制結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《學(xué)術(shù)月刊》2016年09期

【摘要】：美國的憲制結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)歷了一系列變遷,觸及其根本的重大變革有兩個,一是費城立憲,二是美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)所帶來的憲法革命。美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是一場具有革命性質(zhì)的憲法之戰(zhàn),內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的勝利者賦予了聯(lián)邦憲法以新的憲制結(jié)構(gòu),內(nèi)戰(zhàn)所帶來的憲法革命以第十三、十四、十五憲法修正案為標(biāo)志,重塑了美國的聯(lián)邦制主權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu),并借此革新了美國的憲法精神。在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)前的憲法危機(jī)中,卡爾霍恩的州人民主權(quán)理論代表著南方各州所持守的美國憲制觀。隨著內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中南方失敗,卡爾霍恩的州人民主權(quán)主導(dǎo)的復(fù)合主權(quán)為林肯式的聯(lián)邦人民主權(quán)主導(dǎo)的復(fù)合主權(quán)所取代,原初的虛化的二元復(fù)合聯(lián)邦制被改造為實體性的美國人民主導(dǎo)的二元復(fù)合聯(lián)邦制。這是一場重大的憲法革命,但我們也不能單方面以成敗論英雄,在贊美林肯一派新國父論的同時,不要遺忘甚至貶抑卡爾霍恩的理論貢獻(xiàn),尤其是其保守式的自由理念、反抗專制體制的憲政設(shè)計以及復(fù)合多數(shù)的民主政制觀,更原本地保存著費城立憲的精神和美國憲法的原初面目。
[Abstract]:The constitutional structure of the United States has undergone a series of changes. There are two major changes that touch on its fundamental changes, one is the constitution of Philadelphia and the other is the constitutional revolution brought about by the American Civil War. The American Civil War was a revolutionary constitutional war. The victors of the Civil War endowed the federal constitution with a new constitutional structure. The constitutional revolution brought about by the Civil War was marked by the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Tenth Amendment to the Constitution. Reinventing the federal sovereignty structure of the United States, and thus revolutionizing the spirit of the United States Constitution. In the constitutional crisis before the internal war, Calhoun's theory of state people sovereignty represented the American constitutional view held by the southern states. With the defeat of the South in the Civil War, the composite sovereignty of Calhoun's state people was replaced by the Lincoln federal people's sovereignty. The original fictitious dualistic compound federalism was transformed into the substantive American people-led dualistic compound federalism. This is a major constitutional revolution, but we can't unilaterally talk about heroes in terms of success or failure. While praising Lincoln's theory of a new founding father, we should not forget or even belittle Calhoun's theoretical contributions, especially his conservative liberal ideas. The constitutional design of resisting the autocratic system and the view of the composite majority of democratic government have preserved the spirit of the Philadelphia Constitution and the original appearance of the American Constitution.
【作者單位】： 上海交通大學(xué)凱原法學(xué)院;
【分類號】：D971.2;DD911
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本文編號：1946469