本文選題：污點(diǎn)證人 + 證人作證豁免　； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：污點(diǎn)證人制度是指在刑事訴訟過(guò)程中,司法機(jī)關(guān)為了獲得較大犯罪嫌疑人有罪的證據(jù),通過(guò)和較輕的犯罪嫌疑人達(dá)成協(xié)議,如果犯罪嫌疑人作為污點(diǎn)證人作證,則放棄對(duì)污點(diǎn)證人的追訴。這樣一方面可以懲罰較大的犯罪,另一方面也可以使國(guó)家、集體和個(gè)人的利益得到保護(hù)。污點(diǎn)證人制度建立的前提是反對(duì)強(qiáng)迫自證其罪,該制度產(chǎn)生于英國(guó),現(xiàn)在很多國(guó)家已經(jīng)建立了該制度。由于犯罪嫌疑人擁有反對(duì)強(qiáng)迫自證其罪的特權(quán),污點(diǎn)證人制度才有得以運(yùn)用的可能,而控訴方擁有污點(diǎn)證人制度是否適用的決定權(quán)。如果控訴機(jī)關(guān)決定適用污點(diǎn)證人制度,那么污點(diǎn)證人就必須如實(shí)提供證言,司法機(jī)關(guān)才會(huì)豁免污點(diǎn)證人的刑事責(zé)任。如果污點(diǎn)證人不作證或者作偽證,不但其刑事責(zé)任不會(huì)被豁免,其有可能還會(huì)受到作偽證的刑事處罰。如今我國(guó)刑事犯罪率居高不下,犯罪的手段越來(lái)越智能化,犯罪組織越來(lái)越嚴(yán)密,犯罪行為也越來(lái)越隱蔽,因此犯罪案件的偵查工作難度也加大。盡管我國(guó)已經(jīng)規(guī)定了嚴(yán)禁刑訊逼供,但是有時(shí)候面對(duì)一些社會(huì)影響重大的案件,政府可能會(huì)發(fā)出限期破案的命令來(lái)消除社會(huì)不良的影響,這時(shí)司法機(jī)關(guān)可能會(huì)采取刑訊逼供的手段,導(dǎo)致冤假錯(cuò)案的發(fā)生。污點(diǎn)證人制度可以幫助偵查機(jī)關(guān)取證,使得司法機(jī)關(guān)可以成功的追訴較大的犯罪嫌疑人,所以我國(guó)應(yīng)該建立污點(diǎn)證人制度。本文首先對(duì)污點(diǎn)證人的含義進(jìn)行了界定,分析了污點(diǎn)證人制度的法理基礎(chǔ)、污點(diǎn)證人制度在國(guó)外的具體規(guī)定,為在我國(guó)建立污點(diǎn)證人制度提供借鑒。我認(rèn)為,污點(diǎn)證人制度在我國(guó)建立可以解決取證難的問(wèn)題,減少刑訊逼供、規(guī)范司法權(quán)行使,可以優(yōu)化司法資源配置,提高訴訟效率,而且也可以履行國(guó)際條約義務(wù)。我國(guó)也有建立該制度的可行條件,我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律的相關(guān)規(guī)定為污點(diǎn)證人制度的建立提供了前提條件;雖然我國(guó)法律沒有污點(diǎn)證人制度的規(guī)定,但是司法實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)了應(yīng)用污點(diǎn)證人制度的案例,其可以提供司法實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn);而且污點(diǎn)證人制度的建立符合我國(guó)寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)的刑事政策。我國(guó)需要而且具備建立該制度的條件。在本文的最后,關(guān)于在我國(guó)建立污點(diǎn)證人制度提出了一些具體的設(shè)想。
[Abstract]:The tainted witness system means that in the course of criminal proceedings, in order to obtain evidence of the guilt of a larger criminal suspect, the judicial authorities reach an agreement with a lighter criminal suspect. If the criminal suspect testifies as a tainted witness, The prosecution of the tainted witness is waived. This, on the one hand, penalizes larger crimes and, on the other, protects the interests of States, collectives and individuals. The premise of the establishment of the tainted witness system is to oppose forced self-incrimination, which originated in Britain and has been established in many countries. Because the suspect has the privilege of opposing forced self-incrimination, the tainted witness system can be used, and the prosecution has the right to decide whether the tainted witness system is applicable or not. If the prosecution agency decides to apply the tainted witness system, then the tainted witness must truthfully give testimony and the judiciary will exempt the tainted witness from criminal responsibility. If a tainted witness does not testify or perjury, not only his criminal liability will not be exempted, but he may also be criminally punished for perjury. Nowadays, the crime rate of our country is high, the means of crime is becoming more and more intelligent, the criminal organization is becoming more and more strict, and the criminal behavior is becoming more and more covert, so the investigation of criminal cases is also more difficult. Although China has already stipulated that extortion of confessions by torture is strictly prohibited, sometimes in the face of some cases with significant social impact, the government may issue orders to solve cases within a time limit in order to eliminate the adverse effects of society. At this time, the judiciary may use torture to extract confessions, resulting in false cases. Stain witness system can help the investigation organs to obtain evidence, so the judiciary can successfully prosecute the larger criminal suspects, so our country should establish the tainted witness system. This paper first defines the meaning of the tainted witness, analyzes the legal basis of the tainted witness system, the specific provisions of the tainted witness system in foreign countries, and provides a reference for the establishment of the tainted witness system in our country. In my opinion, the establishment of tainted witness system in our country can solve the problem of obtaining evidence, reduce extorting confessions by torture, standardize the exercise of judicial power, optimize the allocation of judicial resources, improve the efficiency of litigation, and also fulfill international treaty obligations. Our country also has the feasible condition to establish this system, the relevant provisions of our country's current law provide the precondition for the establishment of the stain witness system, although our country's law does not have the stipulation of the stain witness system, However, in judicial practice, the application of the tainted witness system can provide judicial practice experience, and the establishment of the tainted witness system conforms to the criminal policy of combining leniency and severity in our country. China needs and has the conditions to establish this system. At the end of this paper, some concrete ideas about the establishment of tainted witness system in our country are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2

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本文編號(hào)：2002119