本文選題：刑事錯案　切入點：訴訟缺陷　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來，隨著近年來媒體的發(fā)展，我國刑事司法也在不斷的公開、透明中走向法治。也因此，刑事錯案的發(fā)現(xiàn)與糾錯成了媒體爭相報道的對象，司法機(jī)關(guān)也被推到了輿論的風(fēng)口浪尖。在這樣的背景下，迫于公眾的壓力我國對于刑事錯案問題的態(tài)度不是科學(xué)理性的試圖減少而是妄想“一勞永逸”的杜絕，由此出現(xiàn)刑事錯案問責(zé)制度等的諸多荒謬。殊不知理性的面對刑事錯案的發(fā)生，客觀剖析原因，才能尋找到合理正當(dāng)?shù)慕鉀Q途徑。本文從以下三個方面，就刑事錯案的成因進(jìn)行分析進(jìn)行分析，結(jié)合新刑訴法生效以來司法實踐的問題尋找問題的癥結(jié)所在，并提出自己的應(yīng)對措施。第一部分：刑事錯案概述。首先討論了刑事錯案的存在之爭，，并確定了刑事錯案存在“肯定說”的本文立場。之后對國內(nèi)關(guān)于刑事錯案概念的主流觀點進(jìn)行了逐一的介紹，在評析中確立了本文所持的刑事錯案的概念基礎(chǔ)——“客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說”。第二部分作為本文的重點，作者分析了我國刑事錯案產(chǎn)生的原因。包括辦案人員的故意或過失、庭審形式化、非法證據(jù)、刑訊逼供等問題難以解決、辯護(hù)律師辯護(hù)職能邊緣化、“三機(jī)關(guān)”職能偏位、社會輿論妨礙司法公正的等。其中用了較大篇幅論證了刑事錯案的不可避免性，意在調(diào)整為我國在刑事錯案預(yù)防方面的態(tài)度與基調(diào)。實踐中一定比例刑事錯案的存在不可避免，只有正視這一點才能理性面對，最終使我國刑事錯案的預(yù)防機(jī)制呈現(xiàn)良性發(fā)展。最后一部分，談到了刑事錯案的應(yīng)對。分別從當(dāng)事人、司法機(jī)關(guān)、社會三個角度說明了減少刑事錯案的意義。之后，結(jié)合上文論述，提出接受刑事錯案不可避免的一面，以合理的態(tài)度和方式探尋應(yīng)對措施。其間作者對我國現(xiàn)行錯案追究制度進(jìn)行評析，建議改善其中不符合科學(xué)規(guī)律的部分。此外對應(yīng)造成我國刑事錯案的原因提出了應(yīng)對措施，包括完善刑事訴訟解釋結(jié)構(gòu)、明確“三機(jī)關(guān)”分工制約以及完善律師置業(yè)群體的構(gòu)建，以期能夠?qū)ξ覈淌滤痉ńㄔO(shè)有所貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the media in recent years, the criminal justice in our country has been continuously open and transparent towards the rule of law. Therefore, the discovery and correction of criminal error cases has become the object of media coverage. The judiciary has also been pushed to the forefront of public opinion. Against this background, under the pressure of the public, our attitude towards the problem of criminal error is not a scientifically rational attempt to reduce it, but a delusion to "eliminate it once and for all". Therefore, there are many absurdities in the accountability system of criminal misdemeanor. However, facing the occurrence of criminal mismatch rationally and objectively analyzing the reasons, we can find a reasonable and proper solution. This paper tries to find a reasonable and proper solution from the following three aspects. This paper analyzes the causes of criminal error cases, combines with the problems in judicial practice since the new criminal procedure law comes into effect, and finds out the crux of the problems. And put forward their own countermeasures. The first part: the overview of criminal error cases. First, discussed the existence of criminal wrong cases, Then, the author introduces the mainstream view of the concept of criminal wrong case one by one, and confirms the position of this article that there is a "positive theory" in the case of criminal error, and then introduces the mainstream view of the concept of criminal error one by one. In the analysis and analysis, the author establishes the conceptual basis of the criminal error case held in this paper-"objective criterion theory". The second part, as the focus of this article, analyzes the causes of the criminal error case in our country, including the intentional or negligent of the case handler, the formalization of the trial. Illegal evidence, extortion of confessions by torture and other problems are difficult to solve, defense lawyers' defense functions are marginalized, "three organs" functions are biased, public opinion obstructs judicial justice, and so on. The purpose is to adjust the attitude and tone of our country in the prevention of criminal misdemeanours. In practice, the existence of a certain proportion of misdemeanours is inevitable. Only by facing this point can we face it rationally. Finally, the prevention mechanism of criminal error cases in our country presents a benign development. In the last part, it talks about how to deal with criminal error cases. It explains the significance of reducing criminal error cases from the three angles of the parties, the judicial organs and the society, respectively. After that, Combined with the above discussion, the author puts forward the unavoidable aspect of accepting the criminal wrong case, and explores the countermeasures with a reasonable attitude and method. Meanwhile, the author comments on the current system of investigation of the wrong case in our country. Some suggestions are made to improve the parts which are not in accordance with the scientific law. In addition, corresponding measures are put forward to solve the causes of criminal misdeeds in our country, including the perfection of the explanation structure of criminal proceedings. It is clear that the division of labor between the "three organs" and the improvement of the construction of lawyers' real estate groups, in order to contribute to the construction of criminal justice in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

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