本文選題：自由心證　切入點(diǎn)：經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自由心證制度將判斷證據(jù)證明力的任務(wù)交給法官,使法官在相對(duì)自由的狀態(tài)下,對(duì)證據(jù)證明力的有無(wú)、大小予以認(rèn)定。世界上多數(shù)國(guó)家都已在不同程度上接受了自由心證的思想。而且,無(wú)論是大陸法系國(guó)家還是英美法系國(guó)家,其法律對(duì)法官判斷證據(jù)的活動(dòng)都不是毫無(wú)規(guī)制的。我國(guó)目前采用的證據(jù)制度也屬于自由心證的范疇,我們強(qiáng)調(diào)的是實(shí)事求是原則,是具體問(wèn)題具體分析,而且我國(guó)法官在運(yùn)用證據(jù)認(rèn)定案件事實(shí)時(shí)確實(shí)具有很大的自由度。對(duì)證據(jù)裁判方式的再界定是我國(guó)的證據(jù)制度改革所要解決的重要問(wèn)題之一。無(wú)論采用何種改革方案,其根本目標(biāo)都應(yīng)該是為了提高證明活動(dòng)的準(zhǔn)確性和科學(xué)性。正是在這一意義上,本文選擇對(duì)自由心證制度進(jìn)行研究,并就自由心證制度在我國(guó)規(guī)制和完善進(jìn)行了一些反思。本文主要分為五個(gè)部分。第一部分為自由心證的基本內(nèi)涵。主要就自由心證的含義理解及產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展進(jìn)程予以闡述。第二部分為自由心證的訴訟法之基礎(chǔ)分析。理清自由心證的含義及產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)有利于正確、全面理解自由心證制度的理論基礎(chǔ),從而為全面構(gòu)建自由心證制度打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。為此,本部分從辨證唯物主義認(rèn)識(shí)論、經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則與邏輯規(guī)則以及訴訟法的模糊性認(rèn)識(shí)這四個(gè)角度來(lái)論述自由心證在訴訟法領(lǐng)域的法理基礎(chǔ)。第三部分主要是對(duì)兩大法系自由心證證據(jù)制度進(jìn)行比較研究。透過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)外自由心證證據(jù)制度的歷史和規(guī)制方式之比較分析,為我國(guó)自由心證制度的規(guī)劃化提供了借鑒意義。第四部分針對(duì)我國(guó)司法體制下自由心證的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境入手,進(jìn)而分析其原因。主要從自由心證在我國(guó)的實(shí)踐狀況和我國(guó)構(gòu)建自由心證制度存在的難題兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行闡述。主要列舉了自由心證在我國(guó)司法實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題及其立法現(xiàn)狀。在此筆者主張：我們對(duì)待自由心證制度的態(tài)度,不應(yīng)該是回避和拒絕,而應(yīng)在予以認(rèn)可的前提下進(jìn)一步規(guī)制和完善這一制度適用的相關(guān)制度和機(jī)制,構(gòu)建適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的自由心證制度。第五部分為我國(guó)自由心證證據(jù)制度規(guī)范化的基本思考。立足于我國(guó)當(dāng)今基本國(guó)情,主要從證據(jù)模式、司法環(huán)境、具體保障措施三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行闡述,并就有關(guān)內(nèi)容提出了自己的構(gòu)想。主張建立自由心證制度與證據(jù)規(guī)則相結(jié)合的證據(jù)制度、主張對(duì)自由心證加以立法確認(rèn)、主張完善證據(jù)規(guī)則體系以及提高法官綜合素質(zhì),完善判決書(shū)理由說(shuō)明制度等,為我國(guó)構(gòu)建和規(guī)范自由心證證據(jù)作出貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:The system of free evidence gives the judge the task of judging the power of proof of evidence, so that the judge can have or not the power of proof of evidence in a relatively free state. Size is determined. Most countries in the world have accepted the idea of free testimony to varying degrees. And, whether it is a civil law country or a common law country, The evidence system currently used in our country also belongs to the category of free evidence. What we emphasize is the principle of seeking truth from facts and the concrete analysis of concrete problems. Moreover, judges in our country do have great freedom in using evidence to determine the facts of a case. Redefining the way of evidence adjudication is one of the important problems to be solved in the reform of the evidence system in our country. No matter what reform scheme is adopted, Its fundamental goal should be to improve the veracity and scientificalness of proof activities. In this sense, this paper chooses to study the system of free evidence. This paper is mainly divided into five parts. The first part is the basic connotation of the free heart syndrome. It mainly deals with the understanding of the meaning of the free heart syndrome and the process of its emergence and development. The second part is the basic analysis of the procedure law of the free psychological evidence. It is beneficial to clarify the meaning of the free psychological evidence and the context of its emergence and development. Fully understand the theoretical basis of the free psychological syndrome system, thus lay a good foundation for the overall construction of the free psychological syndrome system. Therefore, this part from dialectical materialism epistemology, This paper discusses the legal basis of free psychological evidence in the field of procedural law from the four angles of the rules of experience, logic rules and the vagueness of procedural law. The third part is a comparative study of the evidence system of free psychological evidence in the two major legal systems. Through the comparative analysis of the history and regulation of the evidence system of free evidence in foreign countries, It provides a reference for the planning of the free evidence system in China. Part 4th is aimed at the realistic predicament of the free psychological evidence system in our country. Then it analyzes the reasons. Mainly from the practice of free psychological evidence in our country and the establishment of the system of free psychological evidence in two aspects of the difficult problems, mainly listed the problems in our country's judicial practice. The author argues: our attitude towards the free evidence system, It should not be avoidance and rejection, but should further regulate and perfect the relevant system and mechanism of this system under the premise of recognition. The 5th part is the basic thinking of the standardization of the evidence system of free evidence in our country. Based on the basic situation of our country today, it is mainly based on the evidence model and judicial environment. The concrete safeguard measures are expounded in three aspects, and the author puts forward his own conception on the relevant contents. He advocates the establishment of the evidence system which combines the free evidence system with the evidence rules, and advocates the legislative confirmation of the free psychological evidence. It is advocated to perfect the system of evidence rules, to improve the comprehensive quality of judges and to perfect the system of explanation of judgment reasons, which will contribute to the construction and standardization of evidence of free mind in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D925.1;D926

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本文編號(hào)：1572667