本文關(guān)鍵詞： 刑事錯案責任追究 刑事錯案 司法改革 司法公正　出處：《河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近幾年大量冤假錯案的曝光,引起了社會大眾對于錯案糾正和錯案追責問題的高度關(guān)注。隨著呼格案、陳滿案再到最近的聶樹斌案等一大批冤假錯案的糾正,充分體現(xiàn)了我們國家的追求實現(xiàn)司法公正和司法為民的理念。但是,冤假錯案的發(fā)生始終讓正義蒙羞,同樣給司法機關(guān)帶來的教訓(xùn)深刻。一個被裁判生效的刑事錯案,不僅給案件當事人的合法權(quán)益帶來損害,還使司法公信力和司法權(quán)威受到嚴重影響。在當前我們國家倡導(dǎo)依法治國、依憲治國的法治理念下,建設(shè)社會主義法治道路需要司法機關(guān)以追求實現(xiàn)司法公正為目標。在黨的十八屆三中、四中全會上都著重強調(diào)了要建立健全錯案責任追究制,保障當事人的合法權(quán)益,防止冤錯案件的發(fā)生。刑事錯案責任追究制度是司法系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部一套特有的制度,是在不斷深化司法改革的過程中為了加強對司法辦案人員職務(wù)行為的監(jiān)督而制定的。設(shè)立該制度的最終目的不僅是為了保證司法機關(guān)人員的廉潔執(zhí)法,提高辦案質(zhì)量和工作效率,也是為了防止司法腐敗和維護司法公正。但在冤假錯案中,司法機關(guān)常常以法律的名義,對當事人做出有罪的裁決,結(jié)果給受害人帶來無法彌補的損害。冤假錯案平反之后,司法機關(guān)對刑事錯案追責并沒有達到讓社會大眾,更讓受害人滿意的結(jié)果。因此,我們的司法機關(guān)要引以為戒,好好地反思和考量冤假錯案產(chǎn)生的背后存在司法的問題。正是基于這些問題的存在,司法機關(guān)應(yīng)該好好思考該如何更好的完善司法制度來保障司法的獨立,真正做到保護當事人的合法權(quán)益,懲治真正的罪犯。所以,完善我國刑事錯案責任追究制度,已經(jīng)成為我們國家司法改革的重要任務(wù)。本文主要由五部分構(gòu)成,第一部分是引言,主要介紹本文的選題背景及意義、國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀、研究方法及創(chuàng)新點。第二部分是概述,這部分首先對刑事錯案的概念和刑事錯案責任的概念進行了界定,明確了刑事錯案的條件和錯案擔責的情況,在此基礎(chǔ)上歸納出刑事錯案責任追究制度的內(nèi)涵,緊接著又介紹刑事錯案責任追究制度的特點和歷史發(fā)展進程。筆者通過歷史研究的方法對我國刑事錯案責任追究制度的歷史發(fā)展進程進行了描述,讓我們深刻的認識到該制度深厚的歷史背景及發(fā)展狀況,為完善我國刑事錯案責任追究制度奠定了基礎(chǔ)。第三部分是問題,該部分主要是對刑事錯案責任追究制度現(xiàn)在存在的四個方面的重要問題進行介紹,第一個問題主要是分析該制度現(xiàn)有的法律法規(guī)不健全,具體表現(xiàn)為缺乏統(tǒng)一的法律法規(guī)和配套的法律不足;第二個問題主要是分析刑事錯案責任認定上存在的問題,具體包括刑事錯案的認定標準不統(tǒng)一和刑事錯案責任主體難確定;第三是問題主要介紹刑事錯案追責程序上存在的問題,主要體現(xiàn)在追責啟動主體單一,追責機構(gòu)設(shè)置不合理,追責范圍過寬及追責程序不透明上;最后就是在司法人員的救濟機制上存在的問題。正因為該制度在司法實踐運行上存在諸多問題,才需要我們的司法機關(guān)好好反思如何完善和構(gòu)建科學(xué)合理的錯案責任追究制度,來更好的保證司法的公正和獨立。第四部分是完善,這部分的內(nèi)容主要介紹如何完善我國刑事錯案責任追究制度,是針對第三部分中提出的問題來一一完善,也是本文的重點部分。首先需要制定一部統(tǒng)一的法律即《刑事錯案責任追究法》和完善相關(guān)配套的法律法規(guī)如制定《證據(jù)法》,為刑事錯案的追責提供科學(xué)統(tǒng)一的法律依據(jù);其次在刑事錯案責任認定的問題上,需要從程序本身和辦案人員的司法行為兩方面來統(tǒng)一錯案的認定標準,另外,需要通過制定統(tǒng)一的責任主體認定法律規(guī)范和認定機構(gòu),根據(jù)公檢法三機關(guān)辦案人員的具體職責來明確錯案的責任主體;最后,針對追究程序上的問題,司法機關(guān)需要通過擴大錯案追責啟動主體的范圍、設(shè)立專門的追究機構(gòu)、限定錯案的追責范圍和實現(xiàn)追責程序的公開透明,如設(shè)立審查聽證制度等幾個方面來努力,確保刑事錯案追責程序的順利進行。在這樣一個著重強調(diào)依法治國理念的時代下,司法機關(guān)對法治社會建設(shè)起到了非常重要的作用。因此,我們的司法機關(guān)應(yīng)該適應(yīng)司法改革的趨勢,設(shè)立科學(xué)完善的刑事錯案責任追究制度,達到維護我國的司法公正和提高辦案人員的辦案質(zhì)量的效果,期待法治和正義成為每一個案子的起點和終點。
[Abstract]:In recent years a large number of miscarriages of justice exposure, aroused the public attention to the misjudged case and misjudged case responsibility issues. With the vocative case, and then to the recent case of Nie Shubin and a large number of correct miscarriages of justice Chen full case, fully reflects our country's pursuit of the realization of judicial justice and the concept of justice for the people. But the occurrence of miscarriages of justice always let justice into disrepute, also to the judicial organs to bring a profound lesson. By the referee the entry into force of the Criminal Misjudged Cases, not only to the parties in the case of the legitimate rights and interests of harm, but also to the judicial authority and judicial credibility has been seriously affected. In the current our country advocate the rule of law, in accordance with the constitution the concept of the rule of law, the construction of socialist legal road to judicial organs to pursue justice as the goal. At the party's eighteen session of third, Fourth plenary session are emphasized to establish. The case of the accountability system, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, to prevent injustice wrong case. The system of investigating the responsibility of criminal cases are internal justice system a unique system, is in the process of deepening of the judicial reform in order to strengthen the judicial supervision personnel handling duty behavior and make the ultimate goal. The establishment of the system is not only in order to guarantee the judicial organ law enforcement personnel, improve work quality and work efficiency, but also to prevent judicial corruption and safeguard judicial justice. But in the miscarriages of justice in the judicial organs, often in the name of the law, to make a guilty verdict on the parties to bring the victim irreparable damage. After the miscarriages of justice in judicial redress no organ of Criminal Misjudged Case responsibility to the public, let the victim more satisfactory results. Therefore, our judicial organs should take warning, good reflection Behind the miscarriages of justice and consideration of the existence of judicial problems. It is based on these problems, think about how to improve the judicial system to ensure the independence of the judiciary and judicial organs should, truly protect the legitimate rights and interests of parties to punish the real criminals. Therefore, perfecting the Criminal Misjudged accountability system, has our country has become an important task of judicial reform. This paper consists of five parts, the first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the background and significance of this paper, the status quo at home and abroad, research methods and innovation. The second part is an overview, this part of the concept first on the concept of Criminal Misjudged Case and criminal responsibility for misjudged cases were defined, clear the Criminal Misjudged Cases and misjudged cases bear responsibility for the situation, summed up the connotation of accountability system of Criminal Misjudged Cases, followed by the introduction of Criminal Misjudged Case responsibility The characteristics of the accountability system and the process of historical development. Through the method of historical research on China's Criminal Misjudged accountability system of the history of the development process are described, let us recognize the profound historical background and development of the deep system, laid the foundation for perfecting the Criminal Misjudged Case responsibility system. The third part is the problem, is the main part of the important issues on the four aspects of the accountability system of Criminal Misjudged Cases now exist are introduced, the first problem is mainly the analysis of the existing laws and regulations of the system is not perfect, such as lack of specific laws and regulations and supporting the unification of legal problems; the second problem is mainly the analysis of responsibility of the Criminal Misjudged Cases. The problems, including the identification standard of Criminal Misjudged Case is not unified and the Criminal Misjudged Case is difficult to determine the main responsibility; third main problems of the criminal case. There are accountable procedural issues, mainly reflected in the responsibility to start the main single, accountable institutions setunreasonable, accountable range and accountable procedures transparent; the last is existing in the relief mechanism of judicial personnel on the problem. Because the system has many problems in the judicial practice operation, only need to our judicial organs to reflect on how to improve and build a scientific and rational misjudgments accountability system, to better ensure judicial impartiality and independence. The fourth part is perfect, this part mainly introduces how to perfect our country's Criminal Misjudged Case responsibility system is put forward according to the problems in the third part to perfect, but also a key in this paper. First of all we need to develop a unified law that the Criminal Misjudged Cases "law" and perfect related laws and regulations such as the formulation of "evidence law", as the Criminal Misjudged Case responsibility Provide a legal basis for the unity of science; secondly in the responsibility of the Criminal Misjudged Cases on the issue, to that standard, to unify the misjudged cases from two aspects judicial behavior itself and the investigators also need through the main responsibility to formulate a unified identification mechanism and identification of legal norms, to clear the main responsibility of misjudged cases according to the specific duties of public security three organ investigators; finally, according to the problems of accountability procedures, the judiciary needs by expanding the scope of misjudged case to start the main responsibility, the establishment of specialized institutions held accountable, limited cases range and achieve accountable procedures transparent, such as the establishment of the hearing system to review several aspects to ensure the Criminal Misjudged Case responsibility the program smoothly. In such an emphasis on the concept of the rule of law era, the judiciary was very important in the construction of the rule of law society. Therefore, our judicial organs should adapt to the trend of judicial reform, the establishment of scientific and perfect the Criminal Misjudged accountability system, to safeguard China's judicial justice and improve the quality of handling the case handling personnel, look forward to the rule of law and justice become the starting point and end point of each case.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924;D926
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本文編號：1510473