【摘要】： 《聯(lián)合國(guó)全部或部分海上國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸合同公約》即《鹿特丹規(guī)則》已于2008年12月11日在聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)通過(guò),她是國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸法領(lǐng)域新的里程碑。其在對(duì)海運(yùn)雙方當(dāng)事人權(quán)利與義務(wù)進(jìn)行全面調(diào)整的同時(shí),更注重雙方權(quán)利與義務(wù)的對(duì)稱性和對(duì)應(yīng)性。因而,如何劃定海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同的一方當(dāng)事人——托運(yùn)人的權(quán)利義務(wù),使船貨雙方的利益能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)新的平衡,成為《鹿特丹規(guī)則》所要解決的重要問(wèn)題之一。在以往的以承運(yùn)人為中心的《海牙規(guī)則》和《漢堡規(guī)則》等國(guó)際公約的立法模式中,對(duì)托運(yùn)人的關(guān)注極少,僅有少量的條款涉及托運(yùn)人的義務(wù)和責(zé)任。然而《鹿特丹規(guī)則》不僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單平衡了海運(yùn)雙方當(dāng)事人的利益,更是對(duì)承托雙方法律制度的一種完善,而對(duì)托運(yùn)人義務(wù)的規(guī)制很好的體現(xiàn)了這種完善。 本文首先分析了“托運(yùn)人”這一法律主體在國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸公約法律下的演變,確定本文中“托運(yùn)人”主體范圍,即《鹿特丹規(guī)則》項(xiàng)下的與承運(yùn)人訂立運(yùn)輸合同的人。從《鹿特丹規(guī)則》第7章托運(yùn)人對(duì)承運(yùn)人履行的義務(wù)分析入手,對(duì)比分析《海牙規(guī)則》、《漢堡規(guī)則》下托運(yùn)人義務(wù)與責(zé)任,得出無(wú)論在托運(yùn)人義務(wù)法律體系的構(gòu)建還是在托運(yùn)人的實(shí)質(zhì)性義務(wù)的規(guī)制方面,《鹿特丹規(guī)則》都較以往的公約得到強(qiáng)化的效果的結(jié)論。其次,在對(duì)各公約中托運(yùn)人義務(wù)分析后,本文也試圖探索《鹿特丹規(guī)則》下托運(yùn)人義務(wù)此種變化的深層次涵義及背后的動(dòng)因。最后,比較《鹿特丹規(guī)則》與我國(guó)《海商法》中托運(yùn)人義務(wù)規(guī)定的不同,提出修改我國(guó)《海商法》中托運(yùn)人義務(wù)相關(guān)規(guī)定的建議,使我國(guó)《海商法》的規(guī)定更具實(shí)踐的適應(yīng)性。
[Abstract]:The Rotterdam rules, the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Carriage of goods by Sea, which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 2008, represent a new milestone in the field of international transport of goods by sea. While adjusting the rights and obligations of both parties, it pays more attention to the symmetry and correspondence of the rights and obligations of both parties. Therefore, how to delineate the rights and obligations of a party to the contract of carriage of goods by sea-the shipper's rights and obligations, so that the interests of both sides of the ship and cargo can achieve a new balance, has become one of the important issues to be solved in Rotterdam rules. In previous legislative models of international conventions such as the Hague rules and Hamburg rules focusing on carriers, little attention was paid to shippers and only a small number of provisions concerned the shipper's obligations and liabilities. However, Rotterdam rules not only balance the interests of both parties in maritime transport, but also improve the legal system of both parties, and the regulation of shipper's obligations reflects this perfection. This paper first analyzes the evolution of the legal subject "shipper" under the law of the Convention on the International Carriage of goods, and determines the scope of the subject of the "shipper" in this paper, that is, the person who enters into a contract of carriage with the carrier under the Rotterdam rules. Starting with the analysis of the shipper's obligations to the carrier in Chapter 7 of the Rotterdam rules, a comparative analysis of the obligations and responsibilities of the shipper under the Hague rules, Hamburg rules, It is concluded that the Rotterdam rules are more effective than the previous conventions in both the construction of the legal system of shipper's obligations and the regulation of the shipper's substantive obligations. Secondly, after analyzing the shipper's obligations in various conventions, this paper also tries to explore the profound meaning and the motive behind the change of shipper's obligations under Rotterdam rules. Finally, comparing the difference between the Rotterdam rules and the shipper's obligations in China's Maritime Code, this paper puts forward some suggestions to amend the relevant provisions of the shipper's obligations in China's Maritime Code, so as to make the provisions of China's Maritime Code more practical and adaptable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D996.19

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