【摘要】：1992年中國十四大的召開，確立了我國由市場經(jīng)濟取代計劃經(jīng)濟的改革，作為市場經(jīng)濟組成部分之一，體育界也隨之進行了相應改革。中國從決定足球走職業(yè)化道路至今已有20年的時間。在這20年中“假球”成為職業(yè)化道路中常見的惡性事件，這是由于改革的不徹底和法律法規(guī)建設不健全而導致的市場經(jīng)濟商業(yè)化運作混亂。政府部門與社會組織兩種機構的管理體制混亂。主要表現(xiàn)在政府對社會組織的錯位管理而產(chǎn)生的足球職業(yè)化中“假球”現(xiàn)象的頑疾。在發(fā)展中一系列體制問題和法律問題逐漸凸顯出來，其中“假賭黑”成為足球頑疾的顯著體現(xiàn)，，無論是從參與人數(shù)還是對事件的影響程度上“假球”在這些頑疾中又是最突出的。因此，就中國足球職業(yè)化進程中的“假球”問題的社會學研究對中國足球職業(yè)化進程和中國職業(yè)體育良性發(fā)展具有重要意義。 本文主要運用文獻法對中國足球職業(yè)化的“假球”問題從社會學角度對我國足球職業(yè)化中的俱樂部管理；國家政府部門對足球職業(yè)化的不合理干預；法律法規(guī)在規(guī)范足球行業(yè)的發(fā)展中的重要的地位進行了研究，并得出以下結論： 1.結合我國的社會特點，借鑒國外職業(yè)足球俱樂部管理制度方面先進的科學管理理念，以英國和意大利為榜樣。用以改善我國在管理制度不健全，俱樂部內(nèi)部因管理權利集中而造成的弊端。 2在我國職業(yè)足球俱樂部的監(jiān)督管理層面，要設立行之有效的財務監(jiān)督機制，克服有形式無實質(zhì)的現(xiàn)狀。 3政府相關部門、社會相關團體以及職業(yè)足球俱樂部要明確自身的職能所在，明確自己的權利和義務。政府相關部門要做好監(jiān)督職責，社會相關部門要為聯(lián)賽做好服務性工作。 4建立健全的足球職業(yè)化方向的法律法規(guī)，規(guī)范政府行為，規(guī)范相關民間組織行為和俱樂部行為。使體育法律法規(guī)與刑事法律法規(guī)、商法法律法規(guī)等等在銜接方面有更強的鏈接性。 5學術界和法律法界要通力合作，要給“假球”予以準確的定義，使足球從業(yè)人員了解這方面的知識，也使得再出現(xiàn)此類現(xiàn)象時給司法部門在證據(jù)認定上有更明確和更可靠的依據(jù)。 6要把普法教育落到實處并且有針對性，使足球從業(yè)人員在自身權利受到侵害時及時維護自己的權利不受侵害。做好防護措施，縮小受害者范圍以及給官大群眾造成的損失。
[Abstract]:The convening of the 14th National Congress of China in 1992 established the reform of the planned economy replaced by the market economy in our country. As one of the components of the market economy, the sports circle also carried on the corresponding reform. It has been 20 years since China decided that football should be professionalized. In the past 20 years, "match-fixing" has become a common vicious event in the road of professionalization, which is caused by the confusion of the commercial operation of the market economy caused by the incomplete reform and the imperfect construction of laws and regulations. The management system of government departments and social organizations is chaotic. This phenomenon is mainly reflected in the malposition of the government in the management of social organization and the obstinate phenomenon of "match-fixing" in football professionalization. In the course of development, a series of institutional and legal problems have gradually become prominent, among which "false gambling" has become a prominent manifestation of the stubborn disease of football. Match-fixing is the most prominent of these ills, both in terms of the number of participants and the extent to which events are affected. Therefore, the sociological research on the issue of "match-fixing" in the process of Chinese football professionalization is of great significance to the process of Chinese football professionalization and the benign development of Chinese professional sports. This article mainly uses the literature method to the Chinese football professionalization "match-fixing" question from the sociological angle to our country soccer professionalization club management, the national government department to the soccer professionalization unreasonable intervention; The important position of laws and regulations in standardizing the development of football industry has been studied, and the following conclusions have been drawn: 1. Combined with the social characteristics of our country, the advanced scientific management idea of foreign professional football club management system is used for reference, taking England and Italy as examples. In order to improve our country in the management system is not perfect, the club due to the concentration of management rights caused by the drawbacks. At the level of supervision and management of professional football clubs in China, it is necessary to set up an effective financial supervision mechanism to overcome the situation of form and no substance. (3) relevant government departments, social groups and professional football clubs should make their own functions clear and their rights and obligations clear. Relevant government departments should do a good job of supervision, social departments to do a good job in service for the league. (4) establishing sound laws and regulations of football professionalization, standardizing government behavior, and standardizing the behavior of relevant civil organizations and clubs. Make sports laws and regulations and criminal laws and regulations, commercial laws and regulations and so on in the connection has stronger link. (5) the academic and legal circles should work together to give a precise definition of "match-fixing" in order to make football practitioners aware of this knowledge. It also provides a clearer and more reliable basis for the judiciary to establish evidence when such phenomena occur again. (6) it is necessary to carry out the education of popularizing the law and aim at it, so that football professionals can safeguard their rights in time when their rights are infringed. Do a good job of protective measures, reduce the scope of victims and the damage caused to the large masses.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G843

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