【摘要】：作為最古老的海上人為風(fēng)險,海盜始終伴隨著人類的航�；顒雍秃Ｉ腺Q(mào)易。而且隨著經(jīng)濟全球化和國際貿(mào)易長足的發(fā)展,殺人越貨式的傳統(tǒng)海盜,現(xiàn)今已發(fā)展為搶劫船貨、扣押人質(zhì)而要求贖金的現(xiàn)代海盜。面對強索贖金的現(xiàn)代海盜,傳統(tǒng)海盜的承保責(zé)任及方式已不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代海盜所造成的海盜風(fēng)險,為我國保險業(yè)提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)和要求。 本文擬分五個部分對海盜贖金進行分析研究。 第一部分,從海盜的起源及發(fā)展入手,對海盜贖金的定義、特征和種類進行分析,強調(diào)傳統(tǒng)海盜與現(xiàn)代海盜的區(qū)別,提出我國海商法應(yīng)對海盜行為作出明確界定,并明確船舶贖金、貨物贖金和人員贖金的三種分類。 第二部分,對支付海盜贖金的合法性進行研究。首先對贖金支付的條件和原則進行分析,其次比較國外法律對海盜贖金所持不同觀點,辨析英國和美國對海盜贖金所持的立場。再次,根據(jù)目前各國對海盜贖金的不同態(tài)度,即合法與非法之爭的問題,結(jié)合我國尚無法律明確規(guī)定的現(xiàn)狀,提出我國通過修改法律或出臺相關(guān)司法解釋的方式,確立海盜贖金支付的合法性。 第三部分,對與海盜贖金相關(guān)保險之現(xiàn)狀進行分析。首先對不同國家現(xiàn)有船舶保險制度下的船舶保險對海盜風(fēng)險的承保情況進行比較研究；其次對不同國家貨物保險制度下的貨物保險對海盜風(fēng)險的承保情況進行比較研究；再次對船東互保協(xié)會對海盜風(fēng)險進行探析；最后,介紹水險市場的新發(fā)展——海盜贖金險。 第四部分,對海盜贖金險的承保范圍進行研究,指出海盜贖金險應(yīng)承保的危險,應(yīng)承保的的損失及其除外責(zé)任。 第五部分,通過上述分析,并結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)行法律的實際,建議首先應(yīng)創(chuàng)設(shè)海盜贖金險,以解決因海盜贖金支付而產(chǎn)生的各種費用的分攤難題。其次,如果在新險種創(chuàng)設(shè)困難的情況下,結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)有保險制度,建議擴大現(xiàn)有戰(zhàn)爭險的承保范圍,將海盜贖金納入特別戰(zhàn)爭險承保。最后,如果在前二種方式都難實現(xiàn)的情況下,建議將海盜贖金納入保賠保險承保,解決商業(yè)保險不愿承保的難題。
[Abstract]:As the oldest man-made risk at sea, piracy has always been accompanied by human navigation and maritime trade. Moreover, with the rapid development of economic globalization and international trade, the traditional pirates of killing and overloading have developed into modern pirates who rob ships, take hostages and demand ransom. In the face of the modern pirates demanding ransom, the traditional pirates' underwriting liability and methods can not adapt to the piracy risk caused by the modern pirates, which puts forward new challenges and requirements for the insurance industry of our country. This paper is divided into five parts to analyze the pirate ransom. The first part, starting with the origin and development of pirates, analyzes the definition, characteristics and types of piracy ransom, emphasizes the difference between traditional pirates and modern pirates, and points out that the maritime law of our country should clearly define piracy. The classification of ship ransoms, cargo ransoms and personnel ransoms is clarified. The second part studies the legality of paying pirate ransom. This paper first analyzes the conditions and principles of ransom payment, then compares the different viewpoints of foreign law on pirate ransom, and analyzes the stand of the United Kingdom and the United States on the ransom of pirates. Thirdly, according to the different attitudes of various countries to pirate ransom at present, that is, the issue of legal and illegal disputes, combined with the current situation of our country which has not yet been clearly stipulated by law, this paper puts forward the way of our country through amending the law or issuing relevant judicial interpretation. Establish the legitimacy of pirate ransom payment. The third part analyzes the current situation of pirate ransom insurance. Firstly, the paper makes a comparative study on the underwriting of piracy risk by ship insurance under the existing ship insurance system of different countries, and then makes a comparative study on the underwriting of piracy risk by cargo insurance under the cargo insurance system of different countries. Finally, it introduces the new development of the water insurance market-pirate ransom insurance. In the fourth part, the author studies the coverage of pirate ransom insurance, and points out the risks, losses and their exclusions that should be covered by pirate ransom insurance. In the fifth part, through the above analysis and combining with the reality of our country's current law, it is suggested that the pirate ransom insurance should be created first in order to solve the problem of apportioning all kinds of expenses arising from the payment of pirate ransoms. Secondly, if it is difficult to create new types of insurance, combined with the existing insurance system in China, it is proposed to expand the coverage of existing war risk, and to include pirate ransom in special war risk insurance. Finally, if the first two methods are difficult to achieve, it is suggested that pirate ransoms be included in the insurable insurance to solve the problem that commercial insurance is unwilling to underwrite.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.294;D922.284

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本文編號：2376137