【摘要】：在提單制度里,放貨一直需要以單據(jù)為憑證,但隨著社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展變化,無單放貨情形日益增多。與其他規(guī)則相比,《鹿特丹規(guī)則》有其自身特點(diǎn),其不是完全拒絕無單放貨,而是在一定條件下,允許不可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證和可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證進(jìn)行無單放貨。這樣的規(guī)定改變了原來固有的提單制度,對(duì)于實(shí)踐有著深刻的影響。對(duì)比《鹿特丹規(guī)則》相關(guān)規(guī)定,我國《海商法》不承認(rèn)電子提單的法律地位,對(duì)于記名提單的規(guī)定不全面,承運(yùn)人無單放貨合法性的條件過于狹窄,當(dāng)事人意思自治原則的范圍較小,承運(yùn)人賠償范圍與責(zé)任限制較窄。為使我國更好地融入國際航運(yùn)貿(mào)易的大環(huán)境中,亟需借鑒《鹿特丹規(guī)則》的新思路與相關(guān)對(duì)策,建議:引入并厘清《鹿特丹規(guī)則》中的新概念,完善我國關(guān)于電子提單的規(guī)定,有限制地引入當(dāng)事人意思自治原則,明確承運(yùn)人的免責(zé)事由,明確無單放貨的賠償范圍和責(zé)任限制。
[Abstract]:In the system of bill of lading, the delivery of goods is always supported by documents, but with the development of society and economy, the situation of delivery without bill of lading is increasing day by day. Compared with other rules, the Rotterdam Rule has its own characteristics. It does not completely reject the delivery of goods without documents, but allows non-negotiable transport documents and negotiable transport documents to release goods without documentary under certain conditions. Such a provision changes the original inherent bill of lading system, has a profound impact on practice. In contrast to the relevant provisions of the Rotterdam rules, China's Maritime Law does not recognize the legal status of electronic bills of lading, and the provisions of registered bills of lading are not comprehensive, and the conditions of the carrier's legality of delivery without documents are too narrow. The scope of the principle of party autonomy is relatively small, and the scope of compensation and limitation of liability of the carrier is relatively narrow. In order to integrate our country into the environment of international shipping trade, it is urgent to draw lessons from the new ideas and relevant countermeasures of the Rotterdam rules. It is suggested that the new concepts in the Rotterdam rules be introduced and clarified, and the regulations on electronic bills of lading should be perfected in our country. The principle of party autonomy is introduced to clarify the carrier's reasons of exemption and the scope of compensation and limitation of liability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：煙臺(tái)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D996.19
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本文編號(hào)：2303346