發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-13 06:29

【摘要】： 曼斯菲爾德勛爵(Lord Mansfield,1705-1793)是英國(guó)最偉大的法官之一,對(duì)18世紀(jì)英國(guó)法的發(fā)展具有重大影響。作為英國(guó)王座法院的首席大法官,曼斯菲爾德在將近32年的法官生涯里致力于英國(guó)商法,為近代英國(guó)乃至全世界的商法奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 本文分為五個(gè)部分:導(dǎo)論、曼斯菲爾德的生平、曼斯菲爾德對(duì)英國(guó)商法的貢獻(xiàn)、曼斯菲爾德對(duì)英國(guó)其他法律領(lǐng)域的影響、結(jié)論。 導(dǎo)論部分主要闡述了論文的選題意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外目前關(guān)于該題目的研究情況以及文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。 第一章介紹了曼斯菲爾德勛爵的生平。本章將其生平大致分為三個(gè)階段:求學(xué)時(shí)期、功成名就時(shí)期和王座法院首席大法官時(shí)期。這三個(gè)時(shí)期分別代表著曼斯菲爾德法律人生的成長(zhǎng)、歷練以及成熟時(shí)期。曼斯菲爾德成長(zhǎng)于一個(gè)蘇格蘭貴族家庭,14歲時(shí)到英格蘭威斯敏斯特讀書(shū),后就讀于英國(guó)牛津大學(xué),獲得文學(xué)學(xué)士和碩士學(xué)位。在牛津大學(xué)讀書(shū)期間,他又進(jìn)入林肯律師會(huì)館學(xué)習(xí)法律。曼斯菲爾德精通辯論術(shù),喜歡羅馬法。這些才華成為其以后律師生涯和從政期間以及擔(dān)任王座法院法官期間施展抱負(fù)的支撐。 第二章在開(kāi)端介紹了18世紀(jì)英國(guó)的時(shí)代背景、當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)社會(huì)商法的發(fā)展概況。接下來(lái)從歷史演進(jìn)的角度依次介紹的是曼斯菲爾德對(duì)英國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)法、票據(jù)法、契約法的發(fā)展所起的推動(dòng)作用。曼斯菲爾德對(duì)英國(guó)法最大的貢獻(xiàn)是將商事習(xí)慣固定下來(lái)成為真正的法律,使之變?yōu)槠胀ǚǖ囊徊糠�。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,他還修改和完善了這些商業(yè)習(xí)慣,令其更加符合當(dāng)時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的需要。曼斯菲爾德對(duì)英國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)法做出了突出的貢獻(xiàn),他創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)完整的海上保險(xiǎn)法體系。本文挑選了兩個(gè)案例詳細(xì)論述了曼斯菲爾德對(duì)海上保險(xiǎn)中的保險(xiǎn)利益原則和保證制度的貢獻(xiàn)。曼斯菲爾德肯定了票據(jù)的可流通性的價(jià)值,為資本主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)流轉(zhuǎn)提供了便利。另外,對(duì)契約法曼斯菲爾德也提出了自己的改革性意見(jiàn)。 第三章簡(jiǎn)要介紹了曼斯菲爾德對(duì)英國(guó)其他法律領(lǐng)域的貢獻(xiàn)。其中最重要的也是最具有歷史性意義的是其對(duì)英國(guó)奴隸制度的貢獻(xiàn)。另外,該部分還介紹了他在法益剝奪、信仰自由方面的建樹(shù)。 結(jié)論部分概述了文章的主要內(nèi)容,并對(duì)曼斯菲爾德的法律生涯作出總結(jié)和評(píng)價(jià)。
[Abstract]:Lord Mansfield,1705-1793 was one of the greatest judges in England and had a great influence on the development of English law in the 18 th century. As the chief justice of the Royal Court of England, Mansfield devoted himself to British commercial law for nearly 32 years, which laid a solid foundation for the commercial law of modern England and even the whole world. This article is divided into five parts: introduction, the life of Mansfield, Mansfield's contribution to British commercial law, Mansfield's influence on other fields of English law, and conclusion. The introduction part mainly expounds the significance of the topic, the current research situation and the structure of the article at home and abroad. The first chapter introduces Lord Mansfield's life. This chapter divides its life into three stages: the period of study, the period of success and the period of chief justice of the throne court. These three periods represent the growth, experience and maturity of Mansfield's legal life. Mansfield grew up in a Scottish aristocratic family when he went to Westminster, England, at the age of 14, and received a Bachelor of Arts and Master's degree from Oxford University. While at Oxford, he went to the Lincoln Bar Hall to study law. Mansfield is proficient in debate and likes Roman law. These talents underpin his future career as a lawyer, his career as a politician and his ambition as a court judge. The second chapter introduces the background of the 18 th century England, the development of the British social commercial law at that time. Then, from the angle of historical evolution, it introduces Mansfield's role in promoting the development of British marine insurance law, negotiable instrument law and contract law. Mansfield's greatest contribution to English law was to formalize commercial custom into real law and make it a part of common law. In the process, he also modified and refined these business practices to make them more in line with the needs of the economy. Mansfield made an outstanding contribution to the law of marine insurance in England and created a complete system of marine insurance law. In this paper, two cases are selected to discuss Mansfield's contribution to the principle of insurance interest and the guarantee system in marine insurance. Mansfield affirmed the negotiable value of bills and facilitated the economic circulation of capitalism. In addition, the contract law Mansfield also put forward their own reform advice. Chapter three briefly introduces Mansfield's contribution to other fields of English law. One of the most important and historic is its contribution to slavery in England. In addition, this part also introduces his achievements in the aspects of legal interest deprivation and freedom of belief. The conclusion summarizes the main contents of the article and summarizes and evaluates Mansfield's legal career.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D956.1

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本文編號(hào)：2240353