海上保險告知義務的保險人抗辯法律問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-26 13:51
【摘要】：海上保險告知義務是海上保險法中的重要制度之一,其能夠促進海上保險業(yè)的順利發(fā)展。這一制度存在的目的是保護海上運輸早期處于劣勢地位的保險人的利益,保證保險人不會因被保險人對標的物信息披露不全面而承擔更多的責任,最終兼顧保險合同雙方在合同中地位的平衡。隨著科技的發(fā)展,保險人擁有足夠能力去了解保險標的的信息,雙方地位的差異性得到改善。與此同時,保險人為了推卸責任拒絕賠償,往往會利用自己對專業(yè)知識的掌握提出被保險人違反告知義務的抗辯。這一現狀帶來結果是使得告知義務制度淪為了保險人惡意抗辯的工具,與海上保險的最大誠信原則的宗旨和原則相違背。因此,本文試圖對告知義務下保險人的抗辯制度進行研究,對保險人合理抗辯進行指引,進而減少海上保險糾紛。同時對保險人的救濟方式進行討論,避免保險人隨意濫用救濟方式損害被保險人的利益,并尋找最為合理的救濟方式,并對我國法下的相關規(guī)定提供一定的借鑒作用。本文運用比較研究方法,主要是參照海上保險業(yè)發(fā)達的英國《1906年海上保險法》的規(guī)定及相關判例,對被保險人違反告知義務時保險人的抗辯制度進行研究論文共分緒論、正文、結論三部分。其中,正文部分包括四方面內容:第一章闡述了海上保險下告知義務的基本理論,主要從告知義務的背景、定義、法律性質以及履行主體、履行范圍、違反告知義務造成的法律后果等幾方面解析,作為全文的基礎。第二章是本文的重點,未告知是保險人援用最為頻繁的抗辯,主要從認定標準方面分析保險人的抗辯,包括客觀方面的“重要情況”認定和主觀方面的“知悉或應當知悉”規(guī)則,對客觀層面進行論述時主要借鑒英國法下的“決定性影響”標準、“純粹性影響”標準、“謹慎保險人”標準以及實際誘導規(guī)則,并對各種標準的利弊進行分析。第三章主要是法律對保險人抗辯的限制即從棄權和禁止反言兩方面進行論述。該章論述主要是對保險人濫用抗辯的限制性規(guī)定,平衡保險合同雙方的利益。第四章是對保險人抗辯的救濟方式的探討,保險人的救濟模式經歷了從傳統到現代的改變。通過分析各種救濟模式對我國《海商法》下的保險人救濟方式提供借鑒,完善我國《海商法》第223條的規(guī)定。
[Abstract]:The obligation to inform marine insurance is one of the important systems in marine insurance law, which can promote the smooth development of marine insurance industry. The purpose of this system is to protect the interests of the underwriters who were at a disadvantage in the early stage of maritime transport, and to ensure that the insurer will not assume more responsibility for the incomplete disclosure of the subject-matter information by the insured. Finally, the balance of the position of the two parties in the contract is taken into account. With the development of science and technology, the insurer has enough ability to understand the information of the subject matter of insurance, and the difference between the two sides is improved. At the same time, in order to shirk the responsibility and refuse to compensate, the insurer often makes use of its own professional knowledge to raise the defense that the insured violates the obligation of informing. The result of the present situation is that the obligation of notification becomes the instrument of the insurer's malicious defense, which is contrary to the tenet and principle of the principle of maximum good faith of marine insurance. Therefore, this paper attempts to study the defense system of the insurer under the obligation of notification, and to guide the insurer's reasonable defense so as to reduce the maritime insurance disputes. At the same time, the relief way of the insurer is discussed to avoid the insurer from harming the insurant's interests by abusing the relief method at will, and to find the most reasonable relief method, and to provide some reference for the relevant provisions under the law of our country. This paper applies comparative research methods, mainly referring to the provisions of the British Marine Insurance Law of 1906 and relevant cases, and carries on the research on the defense system of the insured in case of breach of the obligation of informing, which is divided into two parts: introduction, main text, Conclusion three parts. Among them, the text part includes four aspects: the first chapter describes the basic theory of the obligation of notification under marine insurance, mainly from the background, definition, legal nature, the subject of performance, the scope of performance. The legal consequences caused by breach of the obligation of notification are analyzed as the basis of the full text. The second chapter is the focus of this article, not informing the insurer is the most frequently used defense, mainly from the identification of the standard analysis of the insurer's defense, Including "important information" in objective aspect and "know or ought to know" rule in subjective aspect. When dealing with objective aspect, it mainly draws lessons from the "decisive influence" standard and "pure influence" standard under British law. The standard of "prudent insurer" and the practical inducement rule, and the advantages and disadvantages of these standards are analyzed. The third chapter mainly discusses the limitation of the insurer's defense from two aspects: abstaining and estoppel. This chapter mainly deals with the restrictive provisions of the insurer's abuse of defences, balancing the interests of both sides of the insurance contract. The fourth chapter discusses the relief mode of the insurer's defense, the relief mode of the insurer has changed from tradition to modern. Through the analysis of various relief modes to provide reference for the insurer relief under the Maritime Law of China, the article 223 of the Maritime Law of China is perfected.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.284
本文編號：2205062
[Abstract]:The obligation to inform marine insurance is one of the important systems in marine insurance law, which can promote the smooth development of marine insurance industry. The purpose of this system is to protect the interests of the underwriters who were at a disadvantage in the early stage of maritime transport, and to ensure that the insurer will not assume more responsibility for the incomplete disclosure of the subject-matter information by the insured. Finally, the balance of the position of the two parties in the contract is taken into account. With the development of science and technology, the insurer has enough ability to understand the information of the subject matter of insurance, and the difference between the two sides is improved. At the same time, in order to shirk the responsibility and refuse to compensate, the insurer often makes use of its own professional knowledge to raise the defense that the insured violates the obligation of informing. The result of the present situation is that the obligation of notification becomes the instrument of the insurer's malicious defense, which is contrary to the tenet and principle of the principle of maximum good faith of marine insurance. Therefore, this paper attempts to study the defense system of the insurer under the obligation of notification, and to guide the insurer's reasonable defense so as to reduce the maritime insurance disputes. At the same time, the relief way of the insurer is discussed to avoid the insurer from harming the insurant's interests by abusing the relief method at will, and to find the most reasonable relief method, and to provide some reference for the relevant provisions under the law of our country. This paper applies comparative research methods, mainly referring to the provisions of the British Marine Insurance Law of 1906 and relevant cases, and carries on the research on the defense system of the insured in case of breach of the obligation of informing, which is divided into two parts: introduction, main text, Conclusion three parts. Among them, the text part includes four aspects: the first chapter describes the basic theory of the obligation of notification under marine insurance, mainly from the background, definition, legal nature, the subject of performance, the scope of performance. The legal consequences caused by breach of the obligation of notification are analyzed as the basis of the full text. The second chapter is the focus of this article, not informing the insurer is the most frequently used defense, mainly from the identification of the standard analysis of the insurer's defense, Including "important information" in objective aspect and "know or ought to know" rule in subjective aspect. When dealing with objective aspect, it mainly draws lessons from the "decisive influence" standard and "pure influence" standard under British law. The standard of "prudent insurer" and the practical inducement rule, and the advantages and disadvantages of these standards are analyzed. The third chapter mainly discusses the limitation of the insurer's defense from two aspects: abstaining and estoppel. This chapter mainly deals with the restrictive provisions of the insurer's abuse of defences, balancing the interests of both sides of the insurance contract. The fourth chapter discusses the relief mode of the insurer's defense, the relief mode of the insurer has changed from tradition to modern. Through the analysis of various relief modes to provide reference for the insurer relief under the Maritime Law of China, the article 223 of the Maritime Law of China is perfected.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.284
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