本文選題：保證制度 + 因果關(guān)系��； 參考：《大連海事大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：保證條款是保險合同的重要內(nèi)容之一。一直以來,保證是保險人控制風險的重要手段。英國《1906年海上保險法》將保證確定為最大誠信原則下的一項具體的制度。然而,隨著航海技術(shù)和信息技術(shù)的進步,保險人的承保風險顯著降低,保證制度存在的弊端逐步顯露,尤其是違反保證條款的嚴重后果被視為是過分嚴厲、僵化與過時。2015年2月12日,英國《2015年保險法》在議會獲得通過。新保險法對保證的嚴厲性進行了軟化,更傾向于保護被保險人的利益。相比之下,我國《海商法》第235條僅對被保險人違反保證的法律后果作了原則性規(guī)定。該法律規(guī)定過于簡單,不能充分解決保險實務(wù)與司法實踐中出現(xiàn)的問題和爭議。同時,我國關(guān)于保證的規(guī)定更有利于保險人,與當前保護被保險人利益的立法趨勢不符。為了平衡保險人和被保險人的利益,保障我國海上保險市場健康有序的發(fā)展,有必要借鑒英國關(guān)于保證制度的最新立法經(jīng)驗完善我國海上保險保證的相關(guān)規(guī)定。本文主要分為四個部分:第一部分分析了作為保險人控制風險重要手段的英國傳統(tǒng)保證制度所面臨的挑戰(zhàn),進而介紹了英國保險實務(wù)和司法實踐中應對挑戰(zhàn)的措施;第二部分詳細介紹了英國2015年保險法對保證制度的最新規(guī)定,包括合同基礎(chǔ)條款的廢除、違反保證法律后果的改變、與實際損失無關(guān)條款的引入和新保險法的排除適用與透明性要求;同時,總結(jié)分析了英國保證制度改革對保險市場的影響以及英國保證制度改革的趨勢·,第三部分主要介紹我國海上保險領(lǐng)域中保證的現(xiàn)狀及保險實務(wù)中和司法實踐中所面臨的問題;第四部分闡述了通過對英國保險法保證制度及其最新條款的借鑒,完善我國海上保險中關(guān)于保證的規(guī)定,使之符合當前海上保險保證制度改革的發(fā)展趨勢。
[Abstract]:Warranty clause is one of the important contents of insurance contract. All the time, guarantee is an important means for the insurer to control the risk. The British Marine Insurance Act 1906 defines warranty as a specific system under the principle of maximum good faith. However, with the progress of navigation technology and information technology, the underwriting risk of the insurer has been significantly reduced, and the shortcomings of the warranty system have been gradually revealed, especially the serious consequences of violating the warranty clause are regarded as excessively severe, Inflexibility and obsolescence. The British Insurance Act 2015 was passed by Parliament on February 12, 2015. The new insurance law softens the severity of the guarantee and tends to protect the interests of the insured. In contrast, Article 235 of the Maritime Law of China only stipulates the legal consequences of breach of warranty by the insured in principle. The law is too simple to solve the problems and disputes in insurance practice and judicial practice. At the same time, the stipulation of guarantee in our country is more favorable to the insurer, which is inconsistent with the current legislative trend of protecting the interests of the insured. In order to balance the interests of the insurer and the insured and to ensure the healthy and orderly development of China's marine insurance market, it is necessary to perfect the relevant provisions of China's marine insurance guarantee by referring to the latest legislative experience of the British guarantee system. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part analyzes the challenges faced by the British traditional guarantee system, which is an important means for insurers to control risks, and then introduces the measures to deal with the challenges in British insurance practice and judicial practice; The second part introduces the latest regulation of the guarantee system in the UK Insurance Law of 2015, including the repeal of the contract basis clause, the change of the legal consequences of breach of warranty. The introduction of provisions unrelated to actual loss and the exclusion and transparency requirements of the new insurance law; at the same time, This paper summarizes and analyzes the impact of the reform of the British guarantee system on the insurance market and the trend of the reform of the British warranty system. The third part mainly introduces the current situation of the guarantee in the field of marine insurance in China and the problems faced in the practice of insurance and judicial practice. In the fourth part, by referring to the guarantee system of the British insurance law and its latest clauses, the author consummates the warranty provisions in our country's marine insurance, and makes it conform to the development trend of the current reform of the marine insurance guarantee system.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：DD912.28;D923.99;D956.1

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