本文選題：承運人的過失 + 共同海損　； 參考：《大連海事大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：關于共同海損案件中何時考量承運人的過失這個問題,理論界和實踐中存在多種處理方式,本文針對該問題,對幾種典型處理方式進行分析和研究,并分為以下五章： 第一章論述了共同海損用詞的發(fā)展,界定了共同海損的內(nèi)涵、共同海損行為、共同海損理算和共同海損分攤等重要概念。同時,指出承運人的過失是實踐中共同海損事故發(fā)生的主要原因,何時考量承運人的過失具有重要意義。 第二章分析了判定事故性質階段考量承運人過失的做法。首先,從正面否定了該做法的合理性,指出其存在的問題。其次,從歷史視角和海上保險視角分析共同海損的性質、構成要素,得出共同海損的判定與承運人的過失無關的結論,即判定事故性質階段無需考量承運人的過失。 第三章分析了共同海損理算階段考量承運人過失的做法。首先,通過探討《1975年北京理算規(guī)則》的做法,指出該處理方式存在的問題。其次,從共同海損理算工作的實質、與共同海損分攤權實現(xiàn)的關系、與海上保險制度銜接的需要三個角度論證,共同海損理算階段不應該也無需考量承運人的過失。 第四章分析了共同海損分攤階段考量承運人過失的做法。首先,通過對《約克安特衛(wèi)普規(guī)則》規(guī)則D的分析,指出“先分攤,后追償”模式存在的問題和不合理性。其次,從共同海損分攤權的屬性、共同海損分攤機制的實質等角度論證共同海損分攤階段應該考量承運人的過失。再次,通過分析美國、英聯(lián)邦、德國和中國司法實踐的做法得出在共同海損分攤階段考量承運人過失的做法是實踐所需的結論。 第五章通過對比分析中國與英美法系在處理共同海損案件中何時考量承運人過失這一問題的用詞、法律規(guī)定等方面的差異,指出中國海商法相關條款存在的問題,并提出相應的修改建議。
[Abstract]:There are many ways to deal with the problem of when to consider the fault of the carrier in general average cases. In view of this problem, this paper analyzes and studies several typical handling methods, and divides them into the following five chapters: The first chapter discusses the development of general average words, defines the connotation of general average, general average behavior, general average adjustment and general average allocation and other important concepts. At the same time, it is pointed out that the fault of the carrier is the main cause of the general average accident in practice, and it is of great significance to consider when the fault of the carrier is considered. The second chapter analyzes the method of judging the fault of carrier in the stage of judging the nature of the accident. First of all, from the positive denial of the rationality of the practice, pointed out its existing problems. Secondly, from the perspective of history and marine insurance, this paper analyzes the nature and elements of general average, and draws the conclusion that the judgment of general average has nothing to do with the fault of the carrier, that is, the fault of the carrier should not be considered in the stage of judging the nature of the accident. The third chapter analyzes the practice of considering the fault of the carrier in the general average adjustment stage. First of all, by discussing the practice of Beijing Adjustment rules 1975, this paper points out the problems existing in this way. Secondly, from the point of view of the essence of general average adjustment, the relationship between the realization of general average right and the need of linking up with marine insurance system, the general average adjustment stage should not and does not need to consider the fault of the carrier. The fourth chapter analyzes the practice of considering the fault of the carrier at the stage of general average allocation. Firstly, by analyzing the rule D of York Antwerp Rule, the author points out the problems and irrationality of the pattern of "share first, then recover later". Secondly, from the point of view of the attribute of the right to share in general average and the essence of the mechanism of allocation of general average, it is proved that the fault of the carrier should be considered in the stage of general average allocation. Thirdly, by analyzing the judicial practice of the United States, the Commonwealth, Germany and China, it is concluded that it is necessary to consider the fault of the carrier in the stage of general average allocation. The fifth chapter points out the problems existing in the relevant articles of Chinese maritime law by comparing and analyzing the differences between China and Anglo-American law system in dealing with the problem of when to consider the term and legal provisions of carrier negligence in dealing with general average cases. And puts forward the corresponding modification suggestion.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.294

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本文編號：1830969