本文選題：無(wú)單放貨　切入點(diǎn)：案件　出處：《華東政法學(xué)院》2002年碩士論文

【摘要】：海事審判實(shí)踐中對(duì)無(wú)單放貨案件的審理沒(méi)有形成統(tǒng)一準(zhǔn)則，致使航運(yùn)實(shí)務(wù)界無(wú)所適從。本文的寫(xiě)作目的在于通過(guò)對(duì)此類案件分類梳理，找出審理這類案件的裁判基礎(chǔ)，以利于統(tǒng)一裁判準(zhǔn)則的形成。 本文第一章主要是對(duì)涉及無(wú)單放貨的案件進(jìn)行分類，并通過(guò)對(duì)典型案例的回顧，對(duì)無(wú)單放貨案件裁判基礎(chǔ)認(rèn)識(shí)的演進(jìn)情況進(jìn)行評(píng)析，概述司法實(shí)踐中無(wú)單放貨案件審理的現(xiàn)狀。 第二章是通過(guò)對(duì)無(wú)單放貨案件的概念、產(chǎn)生的原因進(jìn)行分析，明確法律調(diào)整的目的所在，從而導(dǎo)出無(wú)單放貨案件裁判的指導(dǎo)思想應(yīng)是嚴(yán)格禁止無(wú)單放貨這一結(jié)論，意在對(duì)審理無(wú)單放貨案件有一個(gè)宏觀把握。 第三章是本文的重點(diǎn)，主要是對(duì)審理提單持有人起訴承運(yùn)人這一典型無(wú)單放貨案件的裁判基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行分析，并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)若干實(shí)務(wù)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析說(shuō)明。本章第一節(jié)從解讀《中華人民共和國(guó)海商法》第七十一條設(shè)定兩個(gè)承運(yùn)人交貨保證條款入手，說(shuō)明提單代表一種法定制度，這一制度的主旨是維護(hù)提單的可轉(zhuǎn)讓性，以保證國(guó)際貿(mào)易的運(yùn)行。第二節(jié)是對(duì)提單不是物權(quán)憑的闡述。第三節(jié)是論述了提單的繕制簽發(fā)產(chǎn)生兩個(gè)法律關(guān)系變動(dòng)，一是托運(yùn)人與承運(yùn)人運(yùn)輸合同交貨方式條款的確定；二 是提單持有人與承運(yùn)人海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同關(guān)系的確立。第四節(jié)通過(guò)論證承運(yùn)人應(yīng)憑 正本提單放貨的法律根據(jù)是合同義務(wù)這一前提，得出提單持有人對(duì)承運(yùn)人無(wú)單放貨 行為不能適用侵權(quán)行為規(guī)范，只能依據(jù)提單規(guī)定提起合同之訴這一結(jié)論。第五節(jié)是 基于上述對(duì)典型無(wú)單放貨案件裁判基礎(chǔ)的分析，對(duì)審判實(shí)務(wù)中的案由、法律適用、 主體、責(zé)任限制、承運(yùn)人對(duì)履約輔助人(雇用人、代理人、使用人等)職務(wù)范圍內(nèi) 的行為或不行為所造成的損害責(zé)任、提單持有人的舉證責(zé)任、訴訟時(shí)效、提單海上 貨物運(yùn)輸合同關(guān)系與國(guó)際貨物買賣合同關(guān)系、結(jié)算合同關(guān)系之間的關(guān)系、記名提單 不應(yīng)憑提單交貨等問(wèn)題作了分析說(shuō)明。 第四章是在適用中國(guó)法律前提下，對(duì)審理其他類型涉及無(wú)提單交貨案件的裁判 基礎(chǔ)及若干實(shí)務(wù)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要分析。首先確定提單持有人相對(duì)于除了承運(yùn)人以外的 其他非法處分提單項(xiàng)下貨物，，導(dǎo)致其憑提單無(wú)法提貨的行為人，只擁有物上請(qǐng)求權(quán)、 不當(dāng)?shù)美?qǐng)求權(quán)和侵權(quán)行為損害賠償請(qǐng)求權(quán)三種請(qǐng)求權(quán)，進(jìn)而分別對(duì)這三種請(qǐng)求權(quán) 的請(qǐng)求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行了分析。在分析的基礎(chǔ)上，就法律適用、訴訟時(shí)效、實(shí)際承運(yùn)火’ 在承運(yùn)人無(wú)單放貨案件中的責(zé)任、實(shí)際承運(yùn)人自行無(wú)提單交付貨物的責(zé)任、承運(yùn)人 的代理人在無(wú)提單交付貨物案件中的責(zé)任、港口經(jīng)營(yíng)人自行交付貨物的責(zé)任、提單 持有人起訴提貨人、保函無(wú)提單交貨情況下承運(yùn)人的請(qǐng)求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)等若干審判實(shí)務(wù)中 的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題作了簡(jiǎn)要的分析說(shuō)明。 通過(guò)上述論證可以看出，目前法院受理的無(wú)單放貨案件法律關(guān)系復(fù)雜，請(qǐng)求權(quán) 基礎(chǔ)多樣。法院審理無(wú)單放貨案件，必須首先確定案件所涉法律關(guān)系的性質(zhì)，進(jìn)而 找出相應(yīng)的請(qǐng)求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)。在此，對(duì)提單的性質(zhì)有一個(gè)客觀統(tǒng)一的認(rèn)識(shí)非常重要。作 者希望本文的研究能對(duì)規(guī)范我國(guó)無(wú)單放貨案件的審理有所幫助。
[Abstract]:In the practice of maritime trial , there is no uniform criterion for the trial of non - single discharge cases , which leads to the omnipotence of shipping practice . The purpose of this paper is to find out the basis of judging such cases by sorting out such cases , so as to facilitate the formation of uniform judgment criteria .

The first chapter of this paper is mainly about the classification of cases involving non - single discharge , and through the review of typical cases , the paper analyzes the evolution of the decision - based recognition of non - order - free cases , and summarizes the current situation of the trial of non - single - discharge cases in judicial practice .

In the second chapter , the author analyzes the reasons of the non - single discharge cases and makes clear the aim of the legal adjustment , so that the guiding ideology of the judgment of the case without single discharge should be strictly prohibited from the conclusion of the non - order release , and it is intended to have a macro understanding of the case of non - single discharge .

Chapter Three is the focus of this paper , which is mainly to analyze the referee basis of the typical non - single discharge cases brought by the holder of the bill of lading to the carrier , and analyze the practical problems . The first section of this chapter begins with the interpretation of Article 71 of the Maritime Law of the People ' s Republic of China . The main purpose of this chapter is to maintain the negotiable nature of the bill of lading .
II



It is the establishment of the relationship between the holder of the bill of lading and the carrier ' s carriage of sea goods . Section IV demonstrates that the carrier should rely on

The legal basis of the delivery of the original bill of lading is based on the obligation of the contract , and it is concluded that the holder of the bill of lading has no single discharge to the carrier

The act does not apply to the normative acts and can only bring the conclusion of the contract in accordance with the bill of lading . Section V is

based on the analysis of the basis of the above - mentioned judgment basis for typical non - single discharge cases , the case in the trial practice is applicable ,

Subject , Limitation of Liability , Carrier ' s Position in the Scope of Performance Auxiliary ( Hire , Agent , Use , etc . )

Liability for damages caused by acts or omissions of bill of lading , proof of proof of holder of bill of lading , statute of limitation , bill of lading

Relationship between contract relationship of goods transportation and international goods purchase and sales contract , relationship between settlement contract relations and bearer bill of lading

The analysis and explanation should not be made on the basis of the delivery of the bill of lading .

The fourth chapter is to judge other types of cases involving the delivery of non - bill of lading , subject to the application of Chinese law

Based on a brief analysis of several substantive issues , it is first determined that the holder of the bill of lading is opposed to the carrier other than the carrier

if that other illegal dispose of the item under the single item causes it to be unable to deliver the goods on the basis of the bill of lading , it shall only have the right to claim on the goods ,

The right to claim and the right to claim damages for tort are three kinds of claim .

On the basis of the analysis , on the basis of the analysis , on the basis of the analysis , on the basis of the application of law , the limitation of action , the actual carriage of fire '

the liability of the actual carrier to deliver the goods without a bill of lading in the absence of a single order of lading by the carrier , the carrier

the duty of the agent to deliver the goods without a bill of lading , the responsibility of the port operator to deliver the goods by itself , the bill of lading ,

The holder sued the consignee , the guarantee letter did not have the delivery of the bill of lading , the carrier ' s claim basis and other judicial practice

A brief analysis was made on the hot - point problem .

As can be seen from the above - mentioned arguments , there is a complicated legal relationship between the court ' s acceptance of the non - order - free cases and the right to claim

The Court tried to determine the nature of the legal relationship between the cases and , in turn , to determine the nature of the legal relationship between the cases

It is very important to find out the basis of the corresponding claim right , and it is very important to have an objective and uniform understanding of the nature of the bill of lading .

The author hopes that the research in this paper can help us to regulate the trial of non - order - free cases in our country .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294

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