本文選題：金康合同　切入點：條款解釋與適用　出處：《上海海事大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】：航次租船實踐中船貨雙方經(jīng)常采用國際通用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式合同范本作為談判的基礎(chǔ)，名氣最大、使用最多的是由國際著名的船東組織——波羅的海國際航運公會(BIMCO)制定并推出的金康(GENCON)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合同。在亞洲，金康合同的使用頻率非常高，而在中國，進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)中的航次租船，更是一直使用金康合同。 金康合同最早于1922年制定，伴隨著航運實踐的不斷發(fā)展，該合同的內(nèi)容也在不斷地修改完善，目前實務(wù)中采用比較廣泛的是1976年和1994年的合同格式。 國際上沒有統(tǒng)一的調(diào)整航次租船的國際公約，當(dāng)事人以金康格式為基礎(chǔ)訂立合同的過程充分體現(xiàn)了締約自由原則和當(dāng)事人的締約水平，同時也帶來了很多的爭議。由于歷史的原因，多數(shù)有關(guān)金康合同的爭議都在英美國家的仲裁機構(gòu)和法院解決，所以研究金康合同就必須研究這些案例，通過對這些案例的研究，探尋蘊含于其中的英美合同法的精髓，提煉和總結(jié)出其中包含的合同解釋的原則和方法，可以提高我國的合同研究水平和立法水平，特別是可以填補我國合同法中的一些理論空白，為我國法院和仲裁機構(gòu)的判決和仲裁提供參考，也為我國將來修訂《海商法》和《合同法》提供借鑒。本篇論文通過研究金康合同的具體條款，進(jìn)而闡釋其正確的含義，消除應(yīng)用中的歧義，指出該合同在使用的過程中可能會產(chǎn)生的問題、帶來的風(fēng)險，從而為中國從事租船實務(wù)以及國際貿(mào)易的人士提供有益的幫助，使他們在實務(wù)操作中，正確、合理的使用金康合同，盡量爭取對自己有利的條款，在同外國的公司交易的時候規(guī)避風(fēng)險，創(chuàng)造效益。 本篇論文重點研究以下重要條款：金康合同中有關(guān)船舶規(guī)范的描述；預(yù)備航次、預(yù)計裝貨準(zhǔn)備就緒日和解約日；裝卸條款；裝卸時間、滯期費和速遣費。同時理論結(jié)合實踐，對目前實務(wù)中最常使用的金康76和金康94兩個版本的合同進(jìn)行比較，分析兩者之間的差異以及該差異可能會給使用該格式的人士帶來的爭議，并提出相應(yīng)的解決辦法。盡管金康94已是一份相當(dāng)完備的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式合同，但其中仍然有一些條款值得商榷，因此在本文的最后一部分，，將對金康94中的船位陳述、船東責(zé)任、裝卸時間、解約日和金康合同下簽發(fā)的提單等條款提出自己的修改建議。 本篇論文將主要采用比較研究的方法，重點比較分析有關(guān)金康合同的英美國家仲裁裁決、權(quán)威判例同中國的仲裁和判決之間的異同點，結(jié)合我國的《海商法》和《合同法》對金康合同的重要條款進(jìn)行研究，希望能夠從理論和實務(wù)的角度解決有關(guān)金康合同的各種問題和爭議。
[Abstract]:In the practice of voyage chartering, both parties often use the international standard format contract model as the basis for negotiation, and they are the most famous.The most widely used contract is the standard contract of GenCon, developed and introduced by BIMCO, a leading international shipowner's organization.In Asia, the use of the Jinkang contract is very high, and in China, the import and export business voyage charter, has been using the Jinkang contract.The Jinkang contract was first established in 1922, and with the continuous development of shipping practice, the content of the contract is constantly being revised and perfected. At present, the contract format of 1976 and 1994 is widely used in practice.There is no uniform international convention on adjusting voyage chartering. The process of contract conclusion based on Jinkang format fully embodies the principle of freedom of contracting and the contracting level of the parties, and at the same time brings a lot of disputes.For historical reasons, most of the disputes over the Jinkang contract are settled in arbitration institutions and courts in the United States and the United States. Therefore, to study the Jinkang contract, we must study these cases, through the study of these cases.By exploring the essence of Anglo-American contract law, refining and summarizing the principles and methods of contract interpretation, we can improve the level of contract research and legislation in our country.In particular, it can fill in some theoretical gaps in the contract law of our country, and provide reference for the judgment and arbitration of our courts and arbitration institutions, and also for the revision of Maritime Law and contract Law in the future.By studying the specific terms of the Jinkang contract, this paper explains its correct meaning, eliminates the ambiguity in its application, and points out the possible problems and risks in the process of using the contract.In order to provide useful help to Chinese people engaged in chartering practice and international trade, so that they can use the Jinkang contract correctly and reasonably in the practical operation, and strive for terms that are beneficial to them as far as possible.Avoid risks and create benefits when dealing with foreign companies.This paper focuses on the following important clauses: description of ship specifications in the Jinkang contract; preparation voyage, expected loading readiness date and termination date; loading and unloading clause; loading and unloading time, demurrage fee and prompt dispatch fee.At the same time, combining theory with practice, this paper compares the contracts of Jinkang 76 and Jinkang 94, which are the most commonly used in practice, and analyzes the differences between them and the disputes that the differences may bring to the people who use the format.And put forward the corresponding solution.Although Jinkang 94 is a fairly complete standard form contract, there are still some clauses which are open to question. Therefore, in the last part of this article, the ship position, shipowner's liability, loading and unloading time in Jinkang 94 will be stated.Contract date and Jinkang contract issued under the bill of lading and other terms to propose their own amendments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D912.29;D996.19

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 王晶;航次租船合同中出租人解約條款的研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2011年

2 鮑丙春;航次租船合同解除的比較研究[D];蘇州大學(xué);2006年

本文編號：1696197