解讀與重構:《物權法》第五十三條中的國家機關財產使用權
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-05 22:27
【摘要】：在我國,國有財產屬于全民所有,國有財產的使用直接關系著國家利益和人民福祉。國家機關負擔著重要的社會管理和公共服務職能,客觀上需要大量的國有財產作為其職能履行的物質手段。我國《物權法》在第五章規(guī)定了國有財產的歸屬和使用問題,在第五十三條明確規(guī)定了國家機關對國有財產的使用權。但是,遺憾的是法條并沒有明確國家機關財產使用權的性質和類型,未能實現(xiàn)該權利的有名化和明確化,導致了國家機關對國有財產使用的混亂狀況和司法實踐上的困惑未能全部解決。筆者通過分析國家機關使用的國有財產的性質并考察國外國對家機關國有財產使用的立法例,認為俄羅斯法上的業(yè)務管理權以其獨特的法權構造在國有財產利用方面有著較大的優(yōu)勢,值得我國借鑒。并通過對俄羅斯法上業(yè)務管理權的產生背景、權利性質、權利客體、權利特征、適用主體等多個方面進行分析研究,建議在其基礎上以業(yè)務管理權對我國《物權法》中的國家機關使用權進行重構,以此實現(xiàn)我國國家機關財產使用權的有名化和權能結構的完善。本文除了引言、致謝外,正文共有七個部分。第一部分為國家機關財產使用權客體的范圍及特征,通過研究羅馬法、法國法、德國法、日本法、俄羅斯法和我國臺灣地區(qū)法律中有關國有財產使用的立法例進一步明晰國家機關國有財產使用權的客體范圍與特征;第二部分是對國家機關財產使用權性質的剖析,主要介紹了關于國家機關財產使用權性質的公權利說、私權利說與綜合說;第三部分是對我國《物權法》第五十三條中國家機關財產使用權的解讀與反思,指出我國《物權法》中國家機關財產使用權存在的問題及原因;第四部分是對俄羅斯法上業(yè)務管理權制度的介紹,從權利的產生背景、適用主體、特點和內容等多個角度出發(fā)對這一權利架構進行全面認識;第五部分為在我國《物權法》中構建業(yè)務管理權制度的路徑探討,主要從在我國《物權法》中建構業(yè)務管理權的必要性與可能性兩個方面出發(fā)進行論證;第六部分為我國《物權法》中國家機關業(yè)務管理權制度的本土化建構問題,即結合我國實際從概念、權利性質、權利客體、權利主體、權利內容方面構建適合我國的業(yè)務管理權;第七部分為結語部分,在肯定《物權法》中業(yè)務管理權制度對國有財產使用將產生有益作用的前提下,提出在將來條件成熟時建立對國有財產利用統(tǒng)一管理的國有財產法的構想。
[Abstract]:In our country, the state-owned property belongs to the whole people, and the use of state-owned property is directly related to the national interests and the well-being of the people. State organs bear important social management and public service functions, and objectively need a large number of state-owned property as the material means for the performance of their functions. The fifth chapter of the property Law of our country stipulates the ownership and use of state-owned property, and Article 53 clearly stipulates the right to use state-owned property by state organs. Unfortunately, however, the law does not clarify the nature and type of property use rights of state organs, and fails to realize the naming and clarity of this right, As a result, the confusion of the use of state-owned property by state organs and the confusion in judicial practice have not been completely solved. By analyzing the nature of state-owned property used by state organs and investigating the legislative examples of the use of state-owned property by state-owned organs in foreign countries, It is considered that the business management right in Russian law has great advantages in the utilization of state-owned property because of its unique legal right structure, which is worth drawing lessons from in our country. And through the Russian law business management power generation background, the right nature, the right object, the right characteristic, the applicable subject and so on many aspects carries on the analysis and research, On the basis of it, it is suggested that the right to use the state organs in the property Law of our country should be reconstructed with the right of business management, so as to realize the nominalization of the right to the use of the property of the state organs in our country and the perfection of the structure of the right to use the property. In addition to the introduction and thanks, there are seven parts of the text. The first part is the scope and characteristics of the object of the right to use property of state organs, through the study of Roman law, French law, German law, Japanese law, The legislative examples of the use of state-owned property in Russian law and the law of Taiwan in China further clarify the scope and characteristics of the object of the right to use state-owned property in state organs. The second part is the analysis of the nature of the right to use the property of state organs, mainly introduces the theory of public rights, the theory of private rights and the comprehensive theory of the nature of the right to use property of state organs. The third part is the interpretation and reflection of Article 53 of the property Law of China, and points out the problems and causes of the right to use the property of Chinese household organs in the property Law of our country. The fourth part is the introduction of the business management power system in Russian law, from the background of the emergence of rights, applicable subjects, characteristics and content and other angles to carry out a comprehensive understanding of this right structure; The fifth part is to discuss the path of constructing the business management right system in the property Law of our country, mainly from two aspects: the necessity and the possibility of constructing the business management right in the property Law of our country. The sixth part is the localization construction of the business management power system of Chinese household organs in the property Law of our country, that is, according to the reality of our country, the concept, the nature of the right, the object of the right, the subject of the right, In terms of the content of rights, the construction of business management power suitable for our country; The seventh part is the conclusion part, on the premise that the business management power system in the property Law will have a beneficial effect on the use of state-owned property, This paper puts forward the idea of establishing a state-owned property law for the unified management of the utilization and management of state-owned property when the conditions are ripe in the future.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.2
本文編號：2493866
[Abstract]:In our country, the state-owned property belongs to the whole people, and the use of state-owned property is directly related to the national interests and the well-being of the people. State organs bear important social management and public service functions, and objectively need a large number of state-owned property as the material means for the performance of their functions. The fifth chapter of the property Law of our country stipulates the ownership and use of state-owned property, and Article 53 clearly stipulates the right to use state-owned property by state organs. Unfortunately, however, the law does not clarify the nature and type of property use rights of state organs, and fails to realize the naming and clarity of this right, As a result, the confusion of the use of state-owned property by state organs and the confusion in judicial practice have not been completely solved. By analyzing the nature of state-owned property used by state organs and investigating the legislative examples of the use of state-owned property by state-owned organs in foreign countries, It is considered that the business management right in Russian law has great advantages in the utilization of state-owned property because of its unique legal right structure, which is worth drawing lessons from in our country. And through the Russian law business management power generation background, the right nature, the right object, the right characteristic, the applicable subject and so on many aspects carries on the analysis and research, On the basis of it, it is suggested that the right to use the state organs in the property Law of our country should be reconstructed with the right of business management, so as to realize the nominalization of the right to the use of the property of the state organs in our country and the perfection of the structure of the right to use the property. In addition to the introduction and thanks, there are seven parts of the text. The first part is the scope and characteristics of the object of the right to use property of state organs, through the study of Roman law, French law, German law, Japanese law, The legislative examples of the use of state-owned property in Russian law and the law of Taiwan in China further clarify the scope and characteristics of the object of the right to use state-owned property in state organs. The second part is the analysis of the nature of the right to use the property of state organs, mainly introduces the theory of public rights, the theory of private rights and the comprehensive theory of the nature of the right to use property of state organs. The third part is the interpretation and reflection of Article 53 of the property Law of China, and points out the problems and causes of the right to use the property of Chinese household organs in the property Law of our country. The fourth part is the introduction of the business management power system in Russian law, from the background of the emergence of rights, applicable subjects, characteristics and content and other angles to carry out a comprehensive understanding of this right structure; The fifth part is to discuss the path of constructing the business management right system in the property Law of our country, mainly from two aspects: the necessity and the possibility of constructing the business management right in the property Law of our country. The sixth part is the localization construction of the business management power system of Chinese household organs in the property Law of our country, that is, according to the reality of our country, the concept, the nature of the right, the object of the right, the subject of the right, In terms of the content of rights, the construction of business management power suitable for our country; The seventh part is the conclusion part, on the premise that the business management power system in the property Law will have a beneficial effect on the use of state-owned property, This paper puts forward the idea of establishing a state-owned property law for the unified management of the utilization and management of state-owned property when the conditions are ripe in the future.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.2
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