【摘要】：新公布的《中華人民共和國(guó)民法總則》在第九章規(guī)定了訴訟時(shí)效制度,可見(jiàn)訴訟時(shí)效制度的重要程度。隨著人們對(duì)人權(quán)理論的認(rèn)知逐漸提高,越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始關(guān)注自身的合法權(quán)益,尤其是與生命健康息息相關(guān)的人身權(quán)益。在人身權(quán)利受到不法侵害時(shí),人們通常選擇以法律武器維護(hù)自身利益。人身?yè)p害賠償案件愈發(fā)多見(jiàn),且種類(lèi)多樣,案情復(fù)雜。而與其相對(duì)的,是我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法中關(guān)于人身?yè)p害賠償訴訟時(shí)效的立法并不完備。具體來(lái)講,對(duì)于適用范圍、訴訟時(shí)效的起算、時(shí)效期間的長(zhǎng)短等問(wèn)題均未得到很好的解決,以至于實(shí)際運(yùn)用中顯現(xiàn)出許多問(wèn)題。本文即是對(duì)人身?yè)p害賠償訴訟時(shí)效制度立法完善的探討。第一章從時(shí)效制度的價(jià)值、特點(diǎn)以及現(xiàn)行法律相關(guān)規(guī)定三個(gè)方面對(duì)其進(jìn)行概括性的闡述。第二章對(duì)人身?yè)p害賠償?shù)钠鹚泓c(diǎn)進(jìn)行了介紹,通過(guò)典型案例反應(yīng)可法實(shí)踐中的做法,介紹了學(xué)術(shù)界的客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、主觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和請(qǐng)求權(quán)可行使理論兒種觀點(diǎn);而從國(guó)外立法對(duì)起算點(diǎn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),看出越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家選擇在權(quán)利人現(xiàn)實(shí)上可行使權(quán)利時(shí)起算。最后對(duì)人身?yè)p害訴訟時(shí)效的立法完善上肯定了從權(quán)利人可行使權(quán)利時(shí)起算。第三章介紹了人身?yè)p害訴訟時(shí)效期間,從司法實(shí)踐角度,以及學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)我國(guó)人身?yè)p害賠償?shù)挠^點(diǎn),可以發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)的人身?yè)p害訴訟時(shí)效期間過(guò)短,不利于對(duì)當(dāng)事人權(quán)利的保護(hù),而國(guó)際上對(duì)人身?yè)p害賠償訴訟時(shí)效期間的規(guī)定普遍較長(zhǎng)。建議人身?yè)p害賠償訴訟時(shí)效應(yīng)該予以延長(zhǎng)至10年,而對(duì)于人身?yè)p害賠償建議取消適用最長(zhǎng)訴訟時(shí)效制度。第四章介紹違約與侵權(quán)訴訟時(shí)效的適用,列舉了國(guó)際上違約與侵權(quán)競(jìng)合時(shí)的做法以及學(xué)術(shù)界的理論。提出違約與侵權(quán)的人身?yè)p害賠償訴訟時(shí)效應(yīng)該一體化,因?yàn)閮煞N責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式的差異并不明顯。第五章列舉了交通事故、環(huán)境污染、醫(yī)療損害以及未成年遭受性侵害的特殊人身?yè)p害類(lèi)型,具體包括:在交通事故人身?yè)p害賠償訴訟時(shí)效中,介紹了交通事故損害賠償時(shí)效起算點(diǎn)的確定,而對(duì)于后繼損失訴訟時(shí)效的計(jì)算,應(yīng)在可以確定全部損失數(shù)額之后開(kāi)始時(shí)效期間的計(jì)時(shí);在環(huán)境侵權(quán)人身?yè)p害訴訟時(shí)效中,突出環(huán)境侵權(quán)因果關(guān)系難以斷定這一問(wèn)題對(duì)訴訟時(shí)效的影響,應(yīng)當(dāng)是自權(quán)利人知道且應(yīng)當(dāng)知道權(quán)利受到侵害,并明確加害人及確定損害由其引起時(shí)起算,而對(duì)于那些潛伏期長(zhǎng)于二十年最長(zhǎng)時(shí)效期間的環(huán)境侵權(quán),可不適用最長(zhǎng)訴訟時(shí)效制度。醫(yī)療損害賠償訴訟時(shí)效中,起算點(diǎn)的確定則應(yīng)本著保護(hù)患者這一弱勢(shì)群體的精神,盡可能不運(yùn)用“應(yīng)當(dāng)知道”來(lái)推測(cè),把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)細(xì)化為從患者所受損害被發(fā)現(xiàn)或確診,并能確定損害后果與醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的治療行為存在因果關(guān)系時(shí)起算。而對(duì)于未成年受到性侵害的訴訟時(shí)效建議從受害人年滿21周歲,且脫離共同家庭生活時(shí)起算。
[Abstract]:The newly published General principles of Civil Law of the people's Republic of China stipulate the system of limitation of action in Chapter 9, which shows the importance of the system of limitation of action. With the gradual improvement of human rights theory, more and more people begin to pay attention to their legitimate rights and interests, especially the personal rights and interests which are closely related to life and health. When the personal rights are infringed unlawfully, people usually choose to defend their own interests with legal weapons. Personal injury compensation cases more and more, and the variety of complex cases. On the other hand, the legislation on limitation of action for personal injury in the current law of our country is not complete. Specifically, the problems of the scope of application, the beginning of the limitation period and the length of the limitation period have not been well solved, so that a lot of problems appear in the practical application. This article is a probe into the perfection of the statute of limitations system of personal injury compensation. The first chapter expounds the limitation system from three aspects: its value, characteristics and relevant provisions of the current law. The second chapter introduces the starting point of compensation for personal injury, through the typical case reaction can be done in practice, introduced the academic objective criteria, subjective standards and claims can be exercised in theory. From the experience of foreign legislation, we can see that more and more countries choose to exercise their rights in reality. Finally, the legislation of the statute of limitations for personal injury is confirmed from the time when the right holder can exercise the right. The third chapter introduces the period of limitation of action for personal injury, from the angle of judicial practice, as well as the point of view of academic circles on the compensation for personal injury in our country, we can find that the period of limitation of action for personal injury in our country is too short, which is not conducive to the protection of the rights of the parties. However, the provisions of limitation period for personal injury compensation are generally long in the world. It is suggested that the limitation of action for personal injury should be extended to 10 years, while the system of maximum limitation of action should be abolished for compensation for personal injury. The fourth chapter introduces the application of the limitation of breach of contract and tort, enumerates the international practice of concurrence of breach of contract and tort and the theory of academia. It is suggested that the limitation of action for personal injury should be integrated, because the difference between the two kinds of liability is not obvious. The fifth chapter enumerates the traffic accident, the environmental pollution, the medical treatment damage as well as the minor suffered the special personal injury type, including: in the traffic accident personal injury compensation action prescription, This paper introduces the determination of the starting point of limitation period for compensation for traffic accident damage, and for the calculation of limitation period of subsequent loss, the timing of the period of limitation period should begin after the total amount of loss can be determined, and in the statute of limitations of action for personal injury of environmental tort, Highlighting the causality of environmental tort is difficult to determine the impact of this problem on the statute of limitations. It should be calculated from the time when the obligee knows and should know that his rights have been infringed, and clearly defines the perpetrator and determines that the damage is caused by it. For those environmental tort whose incubation period is longer than 20 years, the maximum limitation period system can not be applied. In the limitation of action for medical damages, the starting point should be determined in the spirit of protecting the vulnerable group of patients, and should not use "should know" as far as possible to speculate, and refine the standard to be found or diagnosed from the damage suffered by the patient. And it can determine the causality between the damage and the treatment behavior of the medical institution. The statute of limitations for underage sexual assault begins when the victim reaches the age of 21 and is separated from common family life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923

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