本文選題：典當 + 典當行��； 參考：《寧波大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：典當業(yè)在中外均具有悠久的歷史,在現(xiàn)代則發(fā)展成為專門以物為質(zhì)押、抵押融資的特殊金融業(yè),在現(xiàn)代金融體系中具有不可或缺的地位。典當業(yè)在1600多年的發(fā)展過程中,曾經(jīng)有過輝煌的歷史,也曾經(jīng)衰落過,但終究未曾被歷史所湮沒�，F(xiàn)代社會,自從出現(xiàn)商品經(jīng)濟之后,隨著經(jīng)濟的日益發(fā)展以及呈現(xiàn)出來的重要態(tài)勢,人們對于融資的需求越來越迫切,伴隨著典當行業(yè)的出現(xiàn),一定程度上緩解了人們?nèi)谫Y難、周轉不易的困難局面,因此典當行業(yè)也因此有了存在與發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟基礎和社會基礎。在金融業(yè)高度繁榮發(fā)達的現(xiàn)代社會,典當業(yè)的三項特征:只貸不存、以物質(zhì)錢和流質(zhì)(押)契約規(guī)則的適用使其成為典當業(yè)制度的根本特色,也是其與相關借貸融資行業(yè)相比所具有的獨特優(yōu)勢。中國近三十年來典當業(yè)的曲折發(fā)展,正說明了其自身發(fā)展存在的弊端:我們可以看到典當業(yè)總體上呈現(xiàn)出不斷向上的發(fā)展趨勢,但是直至目前為止,我國對此制度并沒有出臺專門的立法予以規(guī)范,同時,既存的規(guī)章制度不僅效力比較低,還與上位法形成沖突,因此實務操作中一旦出現(xiàn)糾紛往往難于處理。隨著時代的發(fā)展變化,典當營業(yè)已從多方面發(fā)生了變化,當物的經(jīng)營范圍不斷擴大、典當法律關系的實現(xiàn)方式不斷增加,并且典當業(yè)的糾紛也更復雜化,對于典當業(yè)本身來說,不僅是一個轉變自身營業(yè)模式的契機,同時也對如何有效地進行轉變提出了更高的要求。本文將根據(jù)我國典當業(yè)目前存在的實際情況,從典當?shù)幕痉申P系、典當?shù)臍v史演變和社會經(jīng)濟價值、以及我國典當實踐中存在的不足等方面進行分析、研究,并由此提出改善的建議和對策。全文將分為四大方面進行闡述:第一部分,首先闡述與典當制度相關的基本法律問題。在對典、當概念、性質(zhì)、基本要素進行界定的基礎上,對典當進行明確的定義,作為整篇文章的理論支撐點。第二部分,繼而闡述我國典當業(yè)的歷史演變過程及其存在的社會經(jīng)濟價值。首先,對我國典當業(yè)從古至今的歷史演變過程進行細致的梳理,共可分為四個時期;接著引出典當業(yè)在我國整個金融機構體系中存在的實際價值,這也是典當業(yè)至今呈現(xiàn)出生機勃勃勢態(tài)的原因。第三部分,闡述我國目前典當實踐之現(xiàn)狀。典當業(yè)存在著多種問題,如:法理上的誤區(qū)、立法上的不足以及實踐中難以操作的房屋典當問題、典當經(jīng)營比較混亂,暴露出的許多法律問題亟待解決。第四部分,闡述健全、完善我國典當業(yè)制度的可行對策。在前面三部分對典當業(yè)進行全面探討、研究的基礎上,根據(jù)典當業(yè)目前的實際發(fā)展,提出立法建議,并輔之以其他具體的建議。
[Abstract]:Pawnbroker has a long history both at home and abroad. In modern times, pawnbroking has developed into a special financial industry with special collateral and mortgage financing, which plays an indispensable role in the modern financial system. Pawnbroking industry in the development of more than 1600 years, there has been a brilliant history, has also declined, but after all has not been annihilated by history. Since the emergence of commodity economy in modern society, with the development of economy and the important situation, people's demand for financing is becoming more and more urgent. With the emergence of pawnbroker industry, the difficulty of financing has been alleviated to a certain extent. Turnover is difficult, so the pawn industry also has the existence and development of the economic and social basis. In the modern society where the financial industry is highly prosperous and developed, there are three characteristics of pawnbroking: only lending and not saving, and making it the fundamental characteristic of pawnbroking system by the application of the rules of material money and liquid (pledge) contract. It is also a unique advantage compared with the related lending and financing industry. The zigzag development of pawnbroking in China in the past 30 years has illustrated the disadvantages of its own development: we can see that the pawnbroking industry as a whole shows a trend of continuous upward development, but up to now, Our country has not issued special legislation to regulate this system, at the same time, the existing rules and regulations are not only less effective, but also conflict with the upper law, so once there is a dispute in practice, it is often difficult to deal with. With the development of the times, the pawn business has changed from many aspects. The scope of operation of the pawnshop has been expanded constantly, the way to realize the legal relationship of pawn has been increasing, and the disputes of pawnbroking have become more complicated. For the pawnbroker itself, It is not only an opportunity to change one's own business model, but also a higher demand for effective transformation. According to the actual situation of pawnbroking in our country, this paper will analyze the basic legal relationship of pawn, the historical evolution and social economic value of pawn, and the deficiency of pawn practice in our country. Suggestions and countermeasures for improvement are put forward. The full text will be divided into four aspects: the first part, the pawn system related to the basic legal issues. On the basis of defining the concept, nature and basic elements of the book, pawn is defined as the theoretical support point of the whole article. The second part, then expounds the historical evolution of pawnbroking and its social and economic value. First of all, the historical evolution of pawnbroking industry in China from ancient times to the present is carefully combed, which can be divided into four periods, and then leads to the actual value of pawnbroking industry in the whole financial institution system of our country. This is also the reason why the pawnbroking industry has taken on a dynamic state. The third part expounds the present situation of pawn practice in our country. There are many problems in pawnbroking, such as the misunderstanding of legal theory, the deficiency of legislation and the problem of house pawn which is difficult to operate in practice, the operation of pawnshop is quite confused, and many legal problems are exposed to be solved urgently. The fourth part, elaborate perfect, perfect our country pawnbroker system feasible countermeasure. In the first three parts of the pawnbroking business comprehensive discussion, on the basis of research, according to the actual development of pawnbroking industry, put forward legislative proposals, and supplemented by other specific suggestions.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923

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