本文選題：占有　切入點：占有效力　出處：《南昌大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：占有制度一直是民法體系中的重要內(nèi)容,占有制度內(nèi)容博大精深,對于占有之規(guī)定不同國家和地區(qū)的立法例也各不相同,而有關占有的爭議特別是占有性質(zhì)問題在理論上一直爭議很大。本文從界定占有的內(nèi)涵入手,盡管對占有的概念的界定眾說紛紜,但大都包含了這樣一個的意思即在事實上占有人可以對物進行支配,在這種支配受到他人妨礙時占有人得以排除。通過對概念的界定確立研究占有制度的邏輯起點,由此展開對占有的價值、分類等基本理論問題論述。在認識基本理論問題后,通過對占有的性質(zhì)的事實說和權(quán)利說的辨析,對比不同立法例,本文從占有受法律保護的根本原因為起點,指出雖然占有的初態(tài)是一種自然狀態(tài),表現(xiàn)為占有人對物的實際支配是事實的支配,但在占有人憑借著支配可以獲得一定的利益,且這種利益獲得法律認可并賦予其保護效力時,此時占有在成為法律制度的同時,也成為一種獨立的權(quán)利。占有作為一種權(quán)利其具有的公示效力、推定效力、取得效力、保護效力是現(xiàn)代民法中物權(quán)的公示與公信原則及動產(chǎn)善意取得、取得時效等法律原則和制度的理論根據(jù),而占有的推定的效力,則為建立占有的自力救濟權(quán)和占有保護請求權(quán)奠定了基礎。基于占有制度的重要地位,許多國家和地區(qū)都在民法典中對占有作出了全面詳細的規(guī)定,如德國民法典、日本民法典等,這在完善占有制度的同時也完善了物權(quán)體系。但我國物權(quán)法并未對占有的地位予以充分肯定,僅以五條規(guī)定支撐起占有篇,并將該篇設置于《物權(quán)法》末節(jié),占有只能作為所有權(quán)的一種權(quán)能發(fā)揮其作用,而不具有獨立物權(quán)性質(zhì),法條的簡陋導致占有制度不能真正發(fā)揮其作用,本文在最后會立足于我國《物權(quán)法》中對占有制度規(guī)定之不足做出評析,在對占有人的救濟方面提出完善建議,通過規(guī)定自力救濟權(quán)、構(gòu)建占有之訴等以期完善占有制度,發(fā)揮物權(quán)法的秩序、正義價值,使占有制度在當前的財產(chǎn)利用中起到規(guī)制作用。
[Abstract]:Possession system has always been an important part of the civil law system. The content of possession system is extensive and profound, and the legislation cases of different countries and regions are different. However, the controversy about possession, especially the nature of possession, has always been controversial in theory. This paper begins with the definition of possession, although there are different opinions on the definition of possession. But most of them contain the idea that in fact the possessor can control things, and when such domination is obstructed by others, the possessor can be excluded. The logical starting point for the study of the possession system is established through the definition of the concept. After recognizing the basic theoretical problems, through the analysis of the nature of possession and the theory of rights, the author compares the different legislative cases, and discusses the value of possession, classification and other basic theoretical issues. Starting from the fundamental reason that possession is protected by law, this paper points out that although the initial state of possession is a natural state, the actual domination of things by the possessor is the actual domination of the fact, but the possessor can obtain certain benefits by virtue of his domination. And when this kind of interest is recognized by law and gives it protective effect, possession becomes an independent right as well as a legal system. Possession, as a right, has its public effect, presumptive effect and effect. The effectiveness of protection is the theoretical basis of the principles of publicity and public trust of real right in modern civil law, the acquisition of movable property in good faith, the limitation of acquisition and other legal principles and systems, and the effect of presumption of possession. It lays a foundation for the establishment of the right of self-relief of possession and the claim for protection of possession. Based on the important position of the possession system, many countries and regions have made comprehensive and detailed provisions on possession in the civil code, such as the German Civil Code. The Japanese Civil Code and so on, which not only perfect the system of possession, but also perfect the system of real right, but our property law does not fully affirm the position of possession, only supports the possession with five provisions, and sets the article at the end of Real right Law. Possession can only play its role as a kind of power of ownership, but not as an independent property right. The rudimentary provisions of law result in the system of possession being unable to really play its role. In the end, this article will base on our country's property law to make the appraisal to the insufficiency of the possession system regulation, put forward the perfect suggestion in the relief aspect to the possessor, through the stipulation of the right of self-relief, construct the possession of the lawsuit and so on, so as to perfect the possession system. Give play to the order of property law and the value of justice, make the possession system play a regulatory role in the current use of property.
【學位授予單位】：南昌大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.2

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