民法典制定中的國(guó)家與國(guó)庫(kù)問(wèn)題研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 國(guó)家 國(guó)庫(kù) 國(guó)庫(kù)理論 民法典 出處:《中國(guó)法學(xué)》2017年03期 論文類型:期刊論文
【摘要】:當(dāng)前,在民法典制定過(guò)程中,如何安排國(guó)家的位置,變成一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的問(wèn)題。作為重要的民事活動(dòng)參與者,國(guó)家在參與民事活動(dòng)中的法律地位并不明確。國(guó)家參與民事活動(dòng),涉及的主要是財(cái)產(chǎn)法律關(guān)系,因此,國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)的權(quán)利主體屬于國(guó)家土地所有權(quán)、國(guó)有企業(yè)等概念的前置性問(wèn)題,值得深入研究。在德國(guó)法上,這個(gè)問(wèn)題主要由國(guó)庫(kù)理論來(lái)解答。在參與民事活動(dòng)之時(shí),國(guó)家以國(guó)庫(kù)的面相出現(xiàn):國(guó)家經(jīng)由國(guó)庫(kù)而受到私法的規(guī)制;但是,國(guó)家以國(guó)庫(kù)的身份"遁入私法"并不使其獲得自治權(quán),其服務(wù)于公共利益的本質(zhì)、國(guó)家受法律規(guī)制的必然性,不受到影響。國(guó)家與國(guó)庫(kù)本質(zhì)為一體,是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的法人。只有確立了國(guó)家的法人地位,國(guó)家參與民事活動(dòng)才有落腳之處,國(guó)家民事責(zé)任、司法管轄權(quán)以及國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的邊界等問(wèn)題才有解決的可能。因此,我國(guó)民法典應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)國(guó)家和國(guó)庫(kù)的法律地位加以規(guī)定。
[Abstract]:At present, in the process of making the civil code, how to arrange the position of the state becomes a realistic problem. As an important participant in civil activities, the legal status of the state in participating in civil activities is not clear, and the state participates in civil activities. What is involved is mainly the legal relationship of property. Therefore, the subject of the right of state-owned property belongs to the presupposition of the concepts of state land ownership and state-owned enterprises, which is worthy of further study. In German law, This question is mainly answered by treasury theory. When participating in civil activities, the state appears in the form of treasury: the state is regulated by private law through the treasury; however, The fact that the state "escapes into private law" as the treasury does not enable it to gain autonomy, it serves the essence of the public interest, the inevitability of the country being regulated by law, and the nature of the state and the treasury are one body. Is a unified legal person. Only when the legal person status of the state is established, can the state take part in civil activities, and the problems of state civil liability, jurisdiction, and the boundaries of the state's economic activities can be solved. The civil code of our country should stipulate the legal status of the state and treasury.
【作者單位】: 北京師范大學(xué)法學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】:D923
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