本文關(guān)鍵詞： 開放政府數(shù)據(jù) 個人隱私保護 隱私權(quán)　出處：《南京大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：新一輪信息科技革命與人類社會活動的相互交融,引發(fā)了海量數(shù)據(jù)的收集、分析和利用,大數(shù)據(jù)的概念應運而生。隨著大數(shù)據(jù)時代的來臨,國內(nèi)外政府的信息化水平不斷提升,政府機構(gòu)在履行行政管理與公共服務的職能中已收集、儲存了以指數(shù)級別增長的公民數(shù)據(jù)信息,成為社會數(shù)據(jù)的主要保有者。如何使得政府數(shù)據(jù)這一"皇冠上的明珠"更加光彩奪目,成為國內(nèi)外公共與私人領域的熱點研究問題。美國、英國、澳大利亞等政府緊隨時代潮流,紛紛加大對政府保有數(shù)據(jù)的開放程度,以期從豐富的政府信息資源中挖掘潛在的經(jīng)濟及社會價值,釋放創(chuàng)新活力,提升國家綜合競爭力。我國也開展了政府數(shù)據(jù)開放工作,從2012年開始,上海、北京等地方政府也先后建立起14個市級以上政府數(shù)據(jù)開放網(wǎng)站。2015年9月5日,國務院發(fā)布了《關(guān)于印發(fā)促進大數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展行動綱要》(國發(fā)[2015)50號),提出以"建設數(shù)據(jù)強國,釋放數(shù)據(jù)紅利、制度紅利和創(chuàng)新紅利"為宗旨,在2020年年底前,構(gòu)建全國統(tǒng)一的政府數(shù)據(jù)開放平臺,在保障民生的重要領域?qū)崿F(xiàn)公共數(shù)據(jù)資源向全社會開放。開放政府數(shù)據(jù)一方面可以保障公民的知情權(quán),提高政府工作效率,促進依法治國,建設透明、公開、陽光的政府。但另一方面,也為政府機關(guān)不當公開公民信息,侵犯公民隱私權(quán),商業(yè)機構(gòu)利用開放的個人數(shù)據(jù),攫取非法利益埋下了伏筆。個人數(shù)據(jù)與個體的隱私有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系,個人數(shù)據(jù)既承載著個人人格利益與人格尊嚴,也蘊含著巨大的商業(yè)與公共管理等價值,尤其在政府開放數(shù)據(jù)后,保護公共數(shù)據(jù)安全,維護個人隱私則顯得尤為必要。如何解決政府開放數(shù)據(jù)中公民知情權(quán)與個人隱私權(quán)之間的沖突,保障公民數(shù)據(jù)信息安全,成為當下政府需要亟待解決的重大的問題。本文共分六章,第一章梳理了司法判例中行政機關(guān)在信息公開申請中侵犯公民知情權(quán)與隱私權(quán)的7起典型案件,分析了開放政府數(shù)據(jù)下個人隱私保護中存在的問題。第二章對比分析了開放政府數(shù)據(jù)與政府信息公開的區(qū)別,詳細介紹了國內(nèi)外開放數(shù)據(jù)的現(xiàn)狀。第三章闡述了開放政府數(shù)據(jù)對個人隱私產(chǎn)生的影響,具體分析了大數(shù)據(jù)時代下隱私權(quán)保護的新形式。第四章整理了現(xiàn)階段我國關(guān)于隱私權(quán)保護的法律法規(guī),指出我國關(guān)于隱私權(quán)保護中存在的局限性。第五章介紹美國、歐盟等國家及國際組織在政府數(shù)據(jù)開放中保護個人隱私的立法及實踐經(jīng)驗,總結(jié)其對我國個人隱私保護的有益啟示。第六章針對我國關(guān)于個人隱私權(quán)保護中存在的問題,提出了我國在政府開放數(shù)據(jù)時對保護個人隱私應采取法律措施的建議和意見,最后對文章所闡釋的主題進行總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Blend a new round of information technology revolution and the activities of human society, caused a massive data collection, analysis and use of the concept of big data emerged. With the advent of big data era, the informatization level of domestic and foreign government continues to improve, government agencies have been collected in the performance of administrative management and public service functions, storage the citizen data with the exponential growth of information level, become the main social data. How to maintain the government data of the "crown jewel" has become more The brightness dazzles the eyes. public and private, domestic and international hot spot in the field of research. The United States, Britain, Australia and other government followed the trend of the times, have to increase the openness of government to maintain data and in order to excavate the potential economic and social value from the government information resources, the release of creative energy, enhance the comprehensive national strength competition. China has also carried out Open government data, from the beginning of 2012, Shanghai, Beijing and other local governments have established more than 14 municipal government data open website.2015 in September 5th, the State Council issued "on the issuance of the outline of the development of big data Act > (of the [2015) No. 50), proposed the" construction of data power, data release bonus the system of dividend and bonus innovation "for the purpose, before the end of 2020, the construction of the government data open platform of national unity, in important areas to protect the livelihood of the public data resources open to the whole society. Open government data on one hand can protect the citizen's right to know, to improve government efficiency, promote the rule of law, building a transparent, open. The government in the sunshine. But on the other hand, also for the government improper public citizen information, infringement of citizens' privacy, commercial use of personal data open, seize the illegal benefit foreshadowed. 涓漢鏁版嵁涓庝釜浣撶殑闅愮鏈夌潃鍗冧笣涓囩紩鐨勮仈緋，

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