【摘要】：自2008年下半年開始,由美國(guó)次貸危機(jī)引發(fā)的全球性金融危機(jī)開始蔓延到實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì),波及中國(guó),給中國(guó)各地區(qū)各企業(yè)帶來了不同程度的影響,尤其對(duì)沿海開放城市打擊最為嚴(yán)重。本文以浙江為代表,重新審視了金融危機(jī)下中小外貿(mào)企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的變化,并就提升競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力方面存在的問題提出了政策建議。 首先,本文回顧了中小企業(yè)理論和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)相關(guān)理論,以此為理論依據(jù),基于鉆石模型,從生產(chǎn)要素、需求條件、相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)和支持性產(chǎn)業(yè)、企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略、結(jié)構(gòu)與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)四個(gè)角度闡述了浙江中小外貿(mào)企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的現(xiàn)狀,并新對(duì)其金融危機(jī)下的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)重新進(jìn)行SWOT分析,以研究在金融危機(jī)前后競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的變化。通過分析,表明浙江中小外貿(mào)企業(yè)最大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)在于產(chǎn)業(yè)集群優(yōu)勢(shì)和規(guī)模、機(jī)制的靈活性;新勞動(dòng)法的實(shí)施、原材料價(jià)格的上漲等因素,使得浙江中小外貿(mào)企業(yè)曾經(jīng)的成本優(yōu)勢(shì)不復(fù)存在;國(guó)家不斷出臺(tái)各項(xiàng)扶持中小外貿(mào)企業(yè)的政策,調(diào)整出口退稅率等,又為浙江中小外貿(mào)企業(yè)提供了發(fā)展的空間。其次,選取顯示性比較優(yōu)勢(shì)指數(shù)建立數(shù)學(xué)模型,從競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力角度對(duì)外貿(mào)總額排在全國(guó)前列的粵、滬、浙三地金融危機(jī)下的中小外貿(mào)企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)浙江中小外貿(mào)企業(yè)面對(duì)金融危機(jī),具有更強(qiáng)的抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力。究其原因,主要是由于其外資利用率相對(duì)于廣東、上海較低,浙江的一般貿(mào)易較之于廣東、上海的加工貿(mào)易受國(guó)際市場(chǎng)影響較小,抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力相對(duì)更強(qiáng)。其特殊的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式也是值得其他省份借鑒的。最后,筆者就提升浙江中小外貿(mào)企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力中存在的問題,提出了相應(yīng)的政策建議,只有政府、金融機(jī)構(gòu)、企業(yè)自身等相關(guān)部門共同努力,浙江中小外貿(mào)企業(yè)才能平穩(wěn)度過難關(guān),并抓住機(jī)遇,壯大發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Since the second half of 2008, the global financial crisis caused by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States has spread to the real economy and affected China, which has brought different degrees of impact to the enterprises in various regions of China, especially to the coastal open cities. Taking Zhejiang Province as the representative, this paper re-examines the changes of competitive advantages of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises under the financial crisis, and puts forward some policy suggestions on the problems in enhancing competitiveness. First of all, this paper reviews the theory of SMEs and competitive advantage, based on diamond model, from factors of production, demand conditions, related industries and supporting industries, corporate strategy. This paper expounds the present situation of competitive advantage of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Zhejiang Province from four angles of structure and competition, and makes a new SWOT analysis of its competitive advantage under the financial crisis in order to study the change of competitive advantage before and after the financial crisis. Through the analysis, it shows that the biggest competitive advantage of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Zhejiang lies in the advantage and scale of industrial cluster and the flexibility of mechanism. The implementation of the new labor law and the rising prices of raw materials make the cost advantages of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Zhejiang no longer exist. The government has continuously issued policies to support small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises and adjusted the export tax rebate rate, which has provided the small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Zhejiang with room for development. Secondly, select the indicator of comparative advantage to establish a mathematical model, and compare the competitive advantage of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in the financial crisis of Guangdong, Shanghai and Zhejiang, which ranks the top of the country in terms of foreign trade volume from the competitiveness point of view. It is found that Zhejiang small and medium foreign trade enterprises have stronger ability to resist risks in the face of financial crisis. The main reason is that the utilization rate of foreign capital is lower than that of Guangdong and Shanghai. The general trade of Zhejiang is less affected by the international market and the ability of resisting risks is stronger than that of Guangdong. Its special production and management model is also worthy of reference by other provinces. Finally, the author puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions on the problems existing in promoting the competitiveness of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Zhejiang. Only the government, financial institutions, enterprises and other relevant departments work together. Zhejiang small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises to tide over the difficulties smoothly, and seize the opportunity to grow and develop.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：F752.8

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