【摘要】：人類是理性的動(dòng)物,人類的一切活動(dòng)都是有目的的活動(dòng)。法學(xué)學(xué)科劃分作為人類活動(dòng)之一,也是如此。受傳統(tǒng)劃分理論的影響,對(duì)法學(xué)各學(xué)科的研究目的是什么,其實(shí)還是相當(dāng)貧乏的。法律是為了人類生活得更加美好而制定的,法學(xué)則間接地以此為目的。整個(gè)法律體系總是為保護(hù)全體國(guó)民的利益為目的,而具體法律部門(mén)則以保護(hù)某一部分人民的利益為目的,或人民扮演的某一社會(huì)角色的利益為目的。如：行政法以保護(hù)行政相對(duì)人這一部分人民的利益為目的,勞動(dòng)法以保護(hù)人民的勞動(dòng)者角色的利益為目的,經(jīng)濟(jì)法則以保護(hù)人民的消費(fèi)者角色的利益為目的。每一個(gè)國(guó)民、國(guó)民的每一個(gè)社會(huì)角色的利益都有相應(yīng)的法律部門(mén)保護(hù),從而構(gòu)筑起國(guó)家(社會(huì))大機(jī)器有序、公平、高效運(yùn)行的制度基礎(chǔ)。 中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)的體系既要廓清經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)與其它部門(mén)法學(xué)界限,又要廓清經(jīng)濟(jì)法與法學(xué)外其它學(xué)科的界限,如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、金融學(xué)、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)和政策等�！绑w系”詞本身包含內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的。以法律目的為劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),經(jīng)濟(jì)法保護(hù)消費(fèi)者利益的途徑有四：第一、明確市場(chǎng)主體資格、規(guī)范權(quán)義結(jié)構(gòu)；第二、維護(hù)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序；第三、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),使經(jīng)濟(jì)更加穩(wěn)定、快速地發(fā)展；第四、市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行監(jiān)管。 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)參與主體主要由消費(fèi)者、管理者(政府、社會(huì)中間層)和經(jīng)營(yíng)者,其中,消費(fèi)者處于核心地位。消費(fèi)者的權(quán)利的種類、內(nèi)容決定了政府的職責(zé),為使國(guó)家履行職責(zé)而賦予其職權(quán)。明確經(jīng)營(yíng)者的主體資格、規(guī)范經(jīng)營(yíng)者的權(quán)義結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵在于做好經(jīng)營(yíng)者的類型化和產(chǎn)品責(zé)任、社會(huì)責(zé)任設(shè)置。社會(huì)中間層在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理中的眾多方面優(yōu)越于政府,它代表著管理者未來(lái)的發(fā)展方向。這樣,就構(gòu)成了經(jīng)濟(jì)法主體制度的“四元”結(jié)構(gòu)：消費(fèi)者、政府、社會(huì)中間層和經(jīng)營(yíng)者。 市場(chǎng)秩序紊亂,首先遭到損害或者說(shuō)主要遭到損害的是消費(fèi)者,這是由消費(fèi)者脆弱的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力決定的。因此,維護(hù)市場(chǎng)秩序也就是國(guó)家在保護(hù)消費(fèi)者的方式中首先要做的。維護(hù)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序主要使用規(guī)制的手段,即以規(guī)制的手段矯正失序的市場(chǎng)。市場(chǎng)規(guī)制法律制度主要包括：消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法律制度、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量法律制度、價(jià)格法律制度、廣告法律制度。 公平地發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)是維護(hù)消費(fèi)者利益最基本、最保險(xiǎn)的方式。從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度來(lái)看,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)消費(fèi)者和經(jīng)營(yíng)者都有利,但是,事實(shí)并非如此。經(jīng)濟(jì)凋敝也許會(huì)使經(jīng)營(yíng)者的貨幣(這個(gè)價(jià)值的符號(hào))減少,但是,他們的切身利益并不減損。公平而更加穩(wěn)定、快速地發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)主要使用宏觀調(diào)控的手段,宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控法律制度也主要以公平而更加穩(wěn)定、快速地發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)為目的。宏觀調(diào)控法律制度主要包括：計(jì)劃法律制度、產(chǎn)業(yè)法律制度、財(cái)政法律制度、稅收在法律制度、金融調(diào)控法律制度、對(duì)外貿(mào)易法律制度。 政府和社會(huì)中間層也會(huì)失靈,所以,必須有一套完整的事前市場(chǎng)秩序監(jiān)督機(jī)制和事后宏觀調(diào)控監(jiān)督、反饋機(jī)制,這兩套機(jī)制往往是相互融合不可分離的。把這些法律制度稱作經(jīng)濟(jì)監(jiān)管法律制度。目前包括：金融市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管法律制度、會(huì)計(jì)與審計(jì)法律制度。 以上全方位、多環(huán)節(jié)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),以期消費(fèi)者權(quán)益得到切實(shí)無(wú)虞的保護(hù)。這種體系結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)確立了消費(fèi)者的核心地位,它呼應(yīng)了黨的“三個(gè)代表”重要思想和以“以人為本”理念的時(shí)代要求,它履行了人民當(dāng)家做主的有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義制度的本質(zhì)要求。
[Abstract]:Human beings are rational animals, and all human activities are purposeful activities. The division of jurisprudence is one of human activities, so is the division of jurisprudence. Influenced by the traditional division theory, the purpose of the study of various disciplines of jurisprudence is actually quite poor. Law is formulated for the sake of a better human life, and the law is indirect. The whole legal system is always for the purpose of protecting the interests of all citizens, while the specific legal departments are for the purpose of protecting the interests of a certain part of the people, or the interests of a certain social role played by the people. To protect the interests of the people's laborers, economic laws aim to protect the interests of the people's consumer role. Every citizen and every social role of the people has the corresponding protection of legal departments, thus building a state (society) large machine orderly, fair, efficient operation of the institutional basis.
The system of China's economic jurisprudence should not only clarify the boundaries between economic jurisprudence and other branches of law, but also between economic law and other disciplines other than law, such as economics, finance, accounting and policy. Firstly, we should clarify the qualifications of market subjects and standardize the structure of rights and interests; secondly, we should maintain the order of market economy; thirdly, we should develop the economy to make it more stable and rapid; fourthly, we should supervise the operation of market economy.
The main body of market economy participation is mainly consumers, managers (government, social middle-level) and operators, among which consumers are in the core position. The types and contents of consumers'rights determine the responsibilities of the government and give them the powers to enable the state to perform its duties. The social middle class is superior to the government in many aspects of market economy management, which represents the future development direction of the managers. Thus, it constitutes the "four-element" structure of the main body system of economic law: consumers, government, social middle class and operators.
The disorder of market order is first damaged or mainly damaged by consumers, which is determined by the fragile purchasing power of consumers. Therefore, the maintenance of market order is the first thing that the state should do in the way of protecting consumers. The legal system of market regulation mainly includes consumer protection law, competition law system, product quality law system, price law system and advertisement law system.
Fair economic development is the most basic and safe way to safeguard the interests of consumers. From an economic point of view, economic development is beneficial to both consumers and operators, but this is not the case. Economic depression may reduce the money of operators (the symbol of this value), but their vital interests are not diminished. Fairness is even more important. The legal system of macro-economic control mainly includes: planning legal system, industrial legal system, financial legal system, taxation legal system, financial regulation legal system. Legal system of foreign trade.
The government and the social middle-level will also fail, so there must be a complete set of pre-market order supervision mechanism and post-market macro-control supervision, feedback mechanism, the two sets of mechanisms are often inseparable from each other. These legal systems are called economic supervision legal system. Audit legal system.
The above-mentioned all-round, multi-link system structure design, in order to achieve the practical protection of consumer rights and interests. This system structure design establishes the core position of consumers, it echoes the important thought of the Party's "Three Represents" and the "people-oriented" concept of the times, it fulfills the people as the masters of the Chinese characteristics. The essential requirement of the socialist system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D922.29

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