本文選題：農(nóng)民工　切入點(diǎn)：弱勢(shì)群體　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)民工問題的出現(xiàn)是我國(guó)現(xiàn)有社會(huì)的一個(gè)特殊現(xiàn)象，改革開放后，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)總量已經(jīng)躍升世界第二，城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展尤為迅速，在經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的同時(shí)，勞動(dòng)力的需求也迅速地膨脹。市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)建立后，我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力的流動(dòng)開始變得自由起來，農(nóng)村的剩余勞動(dòng)力開始大量向城市轉(zhuǎn)移，這些農(nóng)民進(jìn)入城市后，他們從事著與農(nóng)業(yè)完全不相關(guān)的工作，很多已經(jīng)完全轉(zhuǎn)變成為產(chǎn)業(yè)工人，但是，根據(jù)我國(guó)的戶籍制度，他們?nèi)匀贿�具有著農(nóng)村戶籍，按戶籍來看他們的身份仍然屬于農(nóng)民，因此，我們將其稱為“農(nóng)民工”。我國(guó)現(xiàn)有農(nóng)民工數(shù)量已經(jīng)超過2.4億，然而就是這樣一個(gè)龐大的利益群體，卻時(shí)常和弱勢(shì)群體這一概念聯(lián)系在一起。由于我國(guó)教育資源嚴(yán)重向城市傾斜，農(nóng)民工的受教育程度一般較低，法律意識(shí)淡薄，接受的職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)較少，他們的就業(yè)信息來源相對(duì)狹窄，一般都通過親友的推薦來實(shí)現(xiàn)就業(yè)，在進(jìn)入城市就業(yè)時(shí)他們往往處于勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的劣勢(shì)地位。他們一般也沒有基本的社會(huì)保障，他們從事著臟累差的工作，卻拿著更低的勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬，他們?cè)诔鞘械木蜆I(yè)中受到嚴(yán)重的不平等待遇。當(dāng)然，作為他們最重要的權(quán)利之一，也作為他們進(jìn)入城市最重要的追求之一，在法治社會(huì)的今天，我們理應(yīng)給他們的勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬權(quán)以完善的法律保護(hù)。 但是，現(xiàn)實(shí)中并不那么美好，本文在開始階段分析了我國(guó)農(nóng)民工勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬權(quán)保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀，主要關(guān)注到的現(xiàn)狀是農(nóng)民工被克扣、拖欠勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬的現(xiàn)象大量存在，討薪難問題突出，在討薪的過程中，農(nóng)民工一般采用非常規(guī)的手段來進(jìn)行維權(quán)，較少的使用正規(guī)的法律手段，也即很少會(huì)用制度的方式來維護(hù)自己的合法權(quán)益，文中還介紹了主要的幾種非常規(guī)的討薪手段，例如通過集體上訪、靜坐、游行、拉條幅、阻塞交通等方式出現(xiàn)的群體性事件；或者在私力救濟(jì)中采用暴力討薪的方式來解決問題；當(dāng)然，他們也時(shí)常會(huì)想到借助公權(quán)力來維護(hù)自己的合法權(quán)益，他們指望在討薪過程中得到上級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的批示，有的也在政府的各種不定期的運(yùn)動(dòng)式執(zhí)法中討回了自己的勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬；或者，在無奈中他們也會(huì)采用自虐的方式來表達(dá)訴求，維護(hù)自己的合法權(quán)益。這些現(xiàn)狀的出現(xiàn)是各方面原因共同作用的結(jié)果，本文分析了農(nóng)民工自身受教育程度較低、法律意識(shí)淡薄等方面的原因，結(jié)合戶籍制度分析認(rèn)為在制度上的原因主要是城鄉(xiāng)對(duì)立的二元戶籍制度，它的長(zhǎng)期存在造成了農(nóng)民工的弱勢(shì)地位，導(dǎo)致其權(quán)益容易受到侵害以及維權(quán)的現(xiàn)實(shí)困難性。本文重點(diǎn)分析了法律程序方面的原因，包括舉證困難，法律程序復(fù)雜，法律維權(quán)成本高，雇主違法成本低，執(zhí)行難等。 結(jié)合所關(guān)注的農(nóng)民工勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬權(quán)保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀以及其原因，本文提出了相應(yīng)的制度對(duì)策，如在義務(wù)教育階段開始的普法宣傳，用法律法規(guī)的形式規(guī)定電信、傳媒等企業(yè)積極履行自己的社會(huì)責(zé)任，，加大農(nóng)民工的普法力度；完善法律程序，以降低農(nóng)民工的維權(quán)成本加大雇主的違法成本，擴(kuò)大和完善工資支付保障制度，主要是擴(kuò)大和完善農(nóng)民工工資支付保證金制度和欠薪保障基金制度；構(gòu)建完善的農(nóng)民工法律援助制度；以及建立、健全農(nóng)民工討薪過程中的臨時(shí)救濟(jì)措施。本文試圖能通過這些制度對(duì)策減少農(nóng)民工勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬權(quán)受侵害的發(fā)生，以及讓農(nóng)民工能在制度的框架內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的勞保報(bào)酬權(quán)的法律保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:Emergence of the problem of migrant workers is a special phenomenon in China's current society, after the reform and opening up, China's rapid economic development, economic output has jumped second in the world, particularly the rapid development of city economy, the rapid development of the economy, the labor demand is also rapidly expanding. After the establishment of market economy, China's labor force the flow starts to become free, the rural surplus labor force began to transfer to the city, these farmers entering the city, they are engaged in a completely unrelated agricultural work, a lot has been completely transformed into industrial workers, however, according to China's household registration system, they are still has the rural household registration, household registration according to their point of view identity is still a farmer, therefore, we will call the "migrant workers". The current number of migrant workers has more than 240 million, but is such a large group of interests, but From time to time and contact the concept of vulnerable groups together. Because of our educational resources severely tilted to the city, the level of education of migrant workers is generally low, the awareness of the law, accept the occupation skill training less, their sources of employment information is relatively narrow, generally through the recommendation of friends and relatives and to achieve employment, employment in city they are often in a labor market disadvantage. They generally have no basic social security, they are engaged in dirty poor work, but with a lower remuneration for labor, they have serious unequal treatment in the city's employment. Of course, as one of their most important right, as one of them into the city the most important pursuit in the rule of law society, we should give them legal protection of labor remuneration right in order to perfect.
However, the reality is not so good, this paper analyzes the status quo of China's migrant workers labor rights protection in the early stage, the main attention to the situation of migrant workers is being withheld, arrears of remuneration phenomenon, pay talks difficult problems in the process of migrant workers Taoxin, generally using unconventional means to carry out the use of legal means to safeguard their rights, less formal, or rarely used system way to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, the paper also introduces several main unconventional Taoxin means, such as through collective petition, meditation, parade, pulling banners, blocking traffic mode or in group events; the private relief in the use of violence Taoxin way to solve the problem; of course, they often think of using public power to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, they expect in the pay talks process to superiors Instructions, some also in form of law enforcement various government do not regularly recover their remuneration; or, they also will use masochistic way to express their demands in frustration, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. The status quo is the interaction of various factors, this paper analyzes the migrant workers by their the low education level, legal consciousness and other aspects of the household registration system, combined with the analysis in the system is mainly due to two yuan of household registration system between urban and rural areas, its long-term existence caused the weak position of migrant workers, leading to the rights and interests of vulnerable to infringement andthe rights of the practical difficulties. This paper focuses on the analysis of the legal reasons the procedures, including the difficulties of proof, the complexity of the proceedings, the legal rights of the high cost of employers illegal low cost, difficult to implement.
With the concern of the migrant workers labor remuneration right to protect the status quo and the reasons, this paper has proposed the system corresponding countermeasures, such as at the beginning of the stage of compulsory education publicity, in the form of laws and regulations of the provisions of the telecommunications, media and other enterprises to actively fulfill their social responsibilities, and migrant workers legal efforts to perfect the legal procedure, in order to reduce; the cost of rights of migrant workers to increase the cost of illegal employers, to expand and improve the wage payment security system, mainly to expand and improve the migrant workers wage protection fund guarantee system and wage payment system; construction of migrant workers legal aid system; establish and perfect, in the process of migrant workers Taoxin temporary relief measures. This paper can occur through these systems countermeasures to reduce the labor remuneration right of migrant workers against, and let migrant workers can achieve their own labor report within the framework of the system Legal protection of remuneration rights.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D922.5

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