商業(yè)信托法律制度研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-21 12:13
【摘要】：從大陸法系傳統(tǒng)觀點來看,信托是一種財產(chǎn)管理制度,而公司、合伙是企業(yè)組織形式,根本不可能存在交集,然而在美國、新加坡等發(fā)達國家,將商業(yè)信托視為組織實體,并從組織法的視角以成文法形式確立商業(yè)信托法律制度,商業(yè)信托作為一種盈利性的工具,被廣泛運用到資產(chǎn)管理中,信托財產(chǎn)的獨立性,使商業(yè)信托具備資產(chǎn)隔離和有限責任的商事組織屬性,如果商業(yè)信托確實具有“組織性”,而大陸法系的信托法又尚未從組織法角度對其進行界定,這就是值得我們深思和研究的課題。證券投資基金、私募股權投資基金、特殊目的信托等無論前期選取公司型、契約型、合伙型,但是最終的架構運作都回歸到信托關系,都是利用各種形態(tài)聚集財產(chǎn),財產(chǎn)由托管人保管,并委托專業(yè)的受托機構管理經(jīng)營信托財產(chǎn),受益人享有受益權,實現(xiàn)管理權與受益權相分離、利用信托的架構達到信托財產(chǎn)的破產(chǎn)隔離、有限責任、受益權證券化、大眾化等,基金亦可入股上市公司成為股東,可見實踐中信托的實體性已凸顯,組織程度已經(jīng)相當高。而在理論上,我國關于信托的認識依然停留在契約關系階段,用合同和財產(chǎn)法原理來規(guī)范商事組織的經(jīng)營,自然會帶來諸多不適應,因此,我國亟需從組織法的視角構建商業(yè)信托法制,建議采取“商業(yè)信托法”單行法模式,商業(yè)信托享有商事主體地位,享有信托財產(chǎn),以其名義對外交易;由專業(yè)受托人管理信托財產(chǎn)并將信托利益分配給受益人;受益權具有對價性、可轉讓性。商業(yè)信托的設立屬于商事組織的設立,采取嚴格準則主義;對商業(yè)信托實行統(tǒng)一監(jiān)管模式;賦予受托人獨立的專業(yè)財產(chǎn)管理權利,受托人地位彰顯需要制度的約束以保障投資者的利益。
[Abstract]:From the traditional point of view of civil law system, trust is a kind of property management system, while corporation, partnership is the form of enterprise organization, there is no overlap at all. However, in developed countries such as the United States, Singapore and other developed countries, commercial trust is regarded as an organizational entity. From the angle of organization law, the legal system of commercial trust is established in the form of written law. As a profitable tool, commercial trust is widely used in asset management, and the independence of trust property. Commercial trust has the property of commercial organization with separation of assets and limited liability, if the commercial trust is indeed "organized", and the trust law of civil law system has not yet defined it from the point of view of organization law. This is a subject worthy of our deep thought and study. Securities investment funds, private equity funds, special purpose trusts, and so on, regardless of the early selection of corporate, contractual and partnership types, but the ultimate structure and operation all return to trust relations, all of which use various forms to gather property. The property is kept by the trustee and entrusted to a professional fiduciary institution to manage and manage the trust property. The beneficiary shall enjoy the beneficial right, realize the separation of the administrative right from the beneficial right, and make use of the structure of the trust to achieve the bankruptcy separation and limited liability of the trust property. Benefit securitization, popularization, etc., funds can also become shareholders in the listed companies, it can be seen that in practice the substantial trust has been highlighted, the degree of organization has been quite high. In theory, the understanding of trust in our country is still in the stage of contractual relationship. Therefore, the use of contract and property law principles to regulate the management of commercial organizations will naturally lead to a lot of inadaptability. It is urgent for our country to construct the legal system of commercial trust from the perspective of organization law. It is suggested to adopt the mode of separate law of the Law of Commercial Trust, in which commercial trust enjoys the status of main body of commercial affairs, enjoys the trust property and trades in its name. The trust property is managed by the professional trustee and the trust benefit is distributed to the beneficiary; the beneficial right has the property of consideration and transferability. The establishment of commercial trust belongs to the establishment of commercial organization. In order to protect the interests of investors, trustees are endowed with independent professional property management rights, and the status of trustees demonstrates the need for institutional constraints.
【學位授予單位】：暨南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D912.28
本文編號：2444923
[Abstract]:From the traditional point of view of civil law system, trust is a kind of property management system, while corporation, partnership is the form of enterprise organization, there is no overlap at all. However, in developed countries such as the United States, Singapore and other developed countries, commercial trust is regarded as an organizational entity. From the angle of organization law, the legal system of commercial trust is established in the form of written law. As a profitable tool, commercial trust is widely used in asset management, and the independence of trust property. Commercial trust has the property of commercial organization with separation of assets and limited liability, if the commercial trust is indeed "organized", and the trust law of civil law system has not yet defined it from the point of view of organization law. This is a subject worthy of our deep thought and study. Securities investment funds, private equity funds, special purpose trusts, and so on, regardless of the early selection of corporate, contractual and partnership types, but the ultimate structure and operation all return to trust relations, all of which use various forms to gather property. The property is kept by the trustee and entrusted to a professional fiduciary institution to manage and manage the trust property. The beneficiary shall enjoy the beneficial right, realize the separation of the administrative right from the beneficial right, and make use of the structure of the trust to achieve the bankruptcy separation and limited liability of the trust property. Benefit securitization, popularization, etc., funds can also become shareholders in the listed companies, it can be seen that in practice the substantial trust has been highlighted, the degree of organization has been quite high. In theory, the understanding of trust in our country is still in the stage of contractual relationship. Therefore, the use of contract and property law principles to regulate the management of commercial organizations will naturally lead to a lot of inadaptability. It is urgent for our country to construct the legal system of commercial trust from the perspective of organization law. It is suggested to adopt the mode of separate law of the Law of Commercial Trust, in which commercial trust enjoys the status of main body of commercial affairs, enjoys the trust property and trades in its name. The trust property is managed by the professional trustee and the trust benefit is distributed to the beneficiary; the beneficial right has the property of consideration and transferability. The establishment of commercial trust belongs to the establishment of commercial organization. In order to protect the interests of investors, trustees are endowed with independent professional property management rights, and the status of trustees demonstrates the need for institutional constraints.
【學位授予單位】：暨南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D912.28
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，本文編號：2444923
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