保險(xiǎn)合同免責(zé)條款說明義務(wù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-21 12:56
【摘要】：保險(xiǎn)合同因保險(xiǎn)人將涉及投保人與保險(xiǎn)人之間權(quán)利義務(wù)的條款預(yù)先擬定,而具有典型的格式性。對(duì)于投保人而言,除了選擇接受,只能放棄交易,并沒有變更條款內(nèi)容的可能性。這樣雖然節(jié)約了交易成本,提高了商事交易的高效性與便捷性。但是,也正是如此,保險(xiǎn)人往往利用其優(yōu)勢(shì)地位,在格式合同中引入諸多免責(zé)條款,對(duì)某些潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行不合理的分配,以免除或限制自身的責(zé)任。加之,保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)免責(zé)條款不作具體說明,甚至在合同簽訂當(dāng)時(shí)不作必要的提示,導(dǎo)致保險(xiǎn)人和投保人之間存在著嚴(yán)重的信息的不對(duì)稱性。投保人往往在并不清楚合同具體條款的情況下簽合同,作出不真實(shí)的意思表示。在事后理賠的過程中更是困難重重。所以,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義法治體系下的契約自由與契約正義,保護(hù)投保人、被保險(xiǎn)人或受益人的合法利益,我們亟需深入研究保險(xiǎn)合同免責(zé)條款說明義務(wù)這一課題。文章共由三部分組成:引言、正文和結(jié)論。引言部分交代選題背景、研究內(nèi)容以及研究路徑等。正文又分為五章,是按照提出問題、分析問題和解決問題的邏輯順序展開論述。結(jié)論針對(duì)全文提出的問題、分析的問題以及解決路徑進(jìn)行綜合總結(jié)。正文五個(gè)部分對(duì)保險(xiǎn)合同免責(zé)條款說明義務(wù)進(jìn)行分析,主要內(nèi)容如下:第一章,保險(xiǎn)合同免責(zé)條款的概述。這一部分主要針對(duì)免責(zé)條款進(jìn)行介紹。包括免責(zé)條款的定義、作用、特征、分類等。第二章,保險(xiǎn)合同免責(zé)條款的說明義務(wù)的法律原理。包括最大誠信原則、附和契約原理、公平原則、信息不對(duì)稱原則等。第三章,保險(xiǎn)合同免責(zé)條款說明義務(wù)的法律規(guī)定。介紹國內(nèi)外立法、判例以及學(xué)術(shù)界的主要觀點(diǎn),結(jié)合我國實(shí)踐情況,闡述關(guān)于免責(zé)條款說明義務(wù)的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及其規(guī)定,包括說明義務(wù)的主體、對(duì)象、說明內(nèi)容、履行方式以及違反說明義務(wù)的法律后果等。第四章,我國司法實(shí)踐中免責(zé)條款說明義務(wù)存在的問題。經(jīng)過對(duì)相似案例的分析對(duì)比,我國司法實(shí)踐領(lǐng)域以下幾種問題尤為突出:法律規(guī)定不夠具體和系統(tǒng)、規(guī)范性法律文件相互沖突、說明義務(wù)難以舉證、說明的程度難以確定、說明義務(wù)的范圍不夠明確、說明義務(wù)的履行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)爭(zhēng)議較大等。第五章,保險(xiǎn)合同免責(zé)條款說明義務(wù)的立法完善建議。文章提出對(duì)提示與明確說明義務(wù)進(jìn)行完善,對(duì)于違法行為說明義務(wù)進(jìn)行完善,確立冷靜觀察期制度,限制適用疑義利益解釋規(guī)則等。文章首先對(duì)保險(xiǎn)合同的免責(zé)條款說明義務(wù)進(jìn)行理論上的分析和研究,并結(jié)合我國保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)的實(shí)踐狀況,進(jìn)一步分析當(dāng)前存在的問題,對(duì)比并借鑒其他發(fā)達(dá)國家和地區(qū)的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),找出符合我國保險(xiǎn)法發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及進(jìn)程的有效對(duì)策,進(jìn)而提出規(guī)范和完善相關(guān)制度的合理建議,以使我國保險(xiǎn)法中保險(xiǎn)合同免責(zé)條款的說明義務(wù)理論研究和實(shí)踐應(yīng)用更加完善和成熟。
[Abstract]:The insurance contract has a typical form because the insurer will involve the terms of the rights and obligations between the insured and the insurer. For the insured, apart from the option to accept, can only abandon the transaction, and there is no possibility to change the terms. In this way, it saves transaction cost and improves the efficiency and convenience of commercial transaction. However, it is also true that insurers often take advantage of their advantageous position to introduce a lot of exemption clauses in the format contract, and to distribute some potential risks unreasonably in order to avoid or limit their own liability. In addition, the insurer does not specify the exemption clause, even at the time when the contract is signed without the necessary prompt, leading to the existence of serious information asymmetry between the insurer and the policyholder. Policy-holders often do not know the specific terms of the contract to sign the contract, making false will. It is even more difficult to settle claims afterwards. Therefore, in order to realize the freedom and justice of contract under the socialist legal system, and to protect the legitimate interests of the insured, insured or beneficiary, it is urgent for us to deeply study the topic of explaining the obligation under the exemption clause of insurance contract. The article consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction explains the background, research content and research path of the topic. The text is divided into five chapters, according to the logical sequence of problem raising, problem analysis and problem solving. Conclusion for the full text of the problem, analysis of the problems and solutions to a comprehensive summary. The main contents are as follows: chapter one, the summary of exemption clauses in insurance contract. This part mainly introduces the exemption clause. Including the exemption clause definition, function, characteristics, classification and so on. The second chapter, the legal principle of explaining the obligation of exemption clause in insurance contract. It includes the principle of maximum good faith, the principle of appended contract, the principle of fairness, the principle of information asymmetry and so on. Chapter three, the legal provisions of the exemption clause of insurance contract. This paper introduces the domestic and foreign legislation, the case law and the main viewpoints of the academic circles, combined with the practice of our country, expounds the cognizance standard and the stipulation of the explanation obligation of the exemption clause, including the subject, the object and the content of the explanation. The mode of performance and the legal consequences of breach of the obligation of explanation, etc. The fourth chapter, our country judicial practice in the exoneration clause explanation duty existence question. Through the analysis and comparison of similar cases, the following problems are particularly prominent in the field of judicial practice in China: the legal provisions are not specific and systematic, the normative legal documents conflict with each other, the burden of explanation is difficult to prove, and the degree of explanation is difficult to determine. The scope of the obligation is not clear enough, and the standard of performance of the obligation is controversial. The fifth chapter, the insurance contract exemption clause explains the duty the legislation consummation suggestion. The article puts forward to perfect the obligation of prompt and clear explanation, perfect the obligation to explain illegal acts, establish the system of calm observation period, limit the application of the rules of interpretation of doubtful interests, and so on. Firstly, the article makes a theoretical analysis and research on the obligation to explain the exemption clause of the insurance contract, and further analyzes the existing problems according to the practical situation of the insurance industry in our country. By comparing and drawing lessons from the advanced experiences of other developed countries and regions, this paper finds out the effective countermeasures which accord with the current situation and process of the development of insurance law in China, and then puts forward reasonable suggestions for standardizing and perfecting the relevant systems. In order to make our country insurance law insurance contract exemption clause explanation obligation theory research and practice application more perfect and mature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.284
本文編號(hào)：2347013
[Abstract]:The insurance contract has a typical form because the insurer will involve the terms of the rights and obligations between the insured and the insurer. For the insured, apart from the option to accept, can only abandon the transaction, and there is no possibility to change the terms. In this way, it saves transaction cost and improves the efficiency and convenience of commercial transaction. However, it is also true that insurers often take advantage of their advantageous position to introduce a lot of exemption clauses in the format contract, and to distribute some potential risks unreasonably in order to avoid or limit their own liability. In addition, the insurer does not specify the exemption clause, even at the time when the contract is signed without the necessary prompt, leading to the existence of serious information asymmetry between the insurer and the policyholder. Policy-holders often do not know the specific terms of the contract to sign the contract, making false will. It is even more difficult to settle claims afterwards. Therefore, in order to realize the freedom and justice of contract under the socialist legal system, and to protect the legitimate interests of the insured, insured or beneficiary, it is urgent for us to deeply study the topic of explaining the obligation under the exemption clause of insurance contract. The article consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction explains the background, research content and research path of the topic. The text is divided into five chapters, according to the logical sequence of problem raising, problem analysis and problem solving. Conclusion for the full text of the problem, analysis of the problems and solutions to a comprehensive summary. The main contents are as follows: chapter one, the summary of exemption clauses in insurance contract. This part mainly introduces the exemption clause. Including the exemption clause definition, function, characteristics, classification and so on. The second chapter, the legal principle of explaining the obligation of exemption clause in insurance contract. It includes the principle of maximum good faith, the principle of appended contract, the principle of fairness, the principle of information asymmetry and so on. Chapter three, the legal provisions of the exemption clause of insurance contract. This paper introduces the domestic and foreign legislation, the case law and the main viewpoints of the academic circles, combined with the practice of our country, expounds the cognizance standard and the stipulation of the explanation obligation of the exemption clause, including the subject, the object and the content of the explanation. The mode of performance and the legal consequences of breach of the obligation of explanation, etc. The fourth chapter, our country judicial practice in the exoneration clause explanation duty existence question. Through the analysis and comparison of similar cases, the following problems are particularly prominent in the field of judicial practice in China: the legal provisions are not specific and systematic, the normative legal documents conflict with each other, the burden of explanation is difficult to prove, and the degree of explanation is difficult to determine. The scope of the obligation is not clear enough, and the standard of performance of the obligation is controversial. The fifth chapter, the insurance contract exemption clause explains the duty the legislation consummation suggestion. The article puts forward to perfect the obligation of prompt and clear explanation, perfect the obligation to explain illegal acts, establish the system of calm observation period, limit the application of the rules of interpretation of doubtful interests, and so on. Firstly, the article makes a theoretical analysis and research on the obligation to explain the exemption clause of the insurance contract, and further analyzes the existing problems according to the practical situation of the insurance industry in our country. By comparing and drawing lessons from the advanced experiences of other developed countries and regions, this paper finds out the effective countermeasures which accord with the current situation and process of the development of insurance law in China, and then puts forward reasonable suggestions for standardizing and perfecting the relevant systems. In order to make our country insurance law insurance contract exemption clause explanation obligation theory research and practice application more perfect and mature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.284
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