【摘要】：在信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)化的大時(shí)代背景下,隨著打車軟件的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用,不僅給過(guò)去傳統(tǒng)出租車行業(yè)帶來(lái)了極大的沖擊,也因此導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)約車市場(chǎng)規(guī)制上的空白,使其在市場(chǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)過(guò)程中隱藏諸多法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本文試圖通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)研究、案例分析等方法以明辨網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)的法律屬性為切入點(diǎn),明確平臺(tái)的具體義務(wù),規(guī)范專車和司機(jī)的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入條件,為乘客權(quán)益的法律保護(hù)提供一定程度的理論研究?jī)r(jià)值。文章第一部分提出網(wǎng)約車環(huán)境下存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。通過(guò)近期發(fā)生的實(shí)際案例,提出目前網(wǎng)絡(luò)約車在經(jīng)營(yíng)運(yùn)營(yíng)中亟待解決的問(wèn)題,為下文的撰寫作鋪墊。文章第二部分對(duì)網(wǎng)約車運(yùn)營(yíng)中平臺(tái)的法律屬性進(jìn)行界定。首先,對(duì)目前學(xué)界已經(jīng)存在的相關(guān)爭(zhēng)議進(jìn)行概括總結(jié),進(jìn)而提出自己的觀點(diǎn),即,論證網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)的法律屬性應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)其不同的運(yùn)營(yíng)方式以及自身特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類討論。文章第三部分解決網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)作為承運(yùn)人運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)的法律規(guī)制問(wèn)題。首先,設(shè)定網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入規(guī)則,包括平臺(tái)本身的設(shè)立條件以及車輛和司機(jī)的準(zhǔn)入條件。其次,規(guī)范網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)的經(jīng)營(yíng)義務(wù)。最后,明確網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)的禁止性行為。文章第四部分解決網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)作為居間商運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)的法律規(guī)制問(wèn)題。首先,設(shè)定網(wǎng)約車輛和專車司機(jī)的準(zhǔn)入條件,這里的條件應(yīng)當(dāng)比平臺(tái)自供車輛模式下的條件具有更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。其次,對(duì)網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)的中介行為進(jìn)行規(guī)制,同時(shí)規(guī)范其在特殊情況下的連帶責(zé)任。2016年7月新出臺(tái)的《網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租汽車經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)管理暫行辦法》,明確了網(wǎng)約車的合法地位,并將平臺(tái)與司機(jī)的關(guān)系定性為非全日制勞動(dòng)合同關(guān)系,平臺(tái)公司將承擔(dān)承運(yùn)人責(zé)任。然而筆者對(duì)此持有不同意見,由于實(shí)踐中網(wǎng)絡(luò)約車的運(yùn)營(yíng)具有多種模式,將私家車加盟情況下的平臺(tái)屬性也以承運(yùn)人論,顯得有些牽強(qiáng)和不妥。因此本文研究結(jié)果認(rèn)為,在平臺(tái)自供車輛的情形下應(yīng)定性為承運(yùn)人,而在私家車加盟情形下平臺(tái)只是具有居間商的法律屬性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步規(guī)范兩種模式下平臺(tái)的相關(guān)法律義務(wù),并且強(qiáng)調(diào)后者的準(zhǔn)入條件應(yīng)當(dāng)具有更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在平臺(tái)逾越其中介地位時(shí)將與司機(jī)承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任,以此保障乘客的合法權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the information network digitization, with the development and application of ride-hailing software, it not only brought great impact to the traditional taxi industry in the past, but also led to the blank in the regulation of the ride-hailing market. Make it hide a lot of legal risks in the course of market operation. This paper attempts to clarify the specific obligations of the platform by means of literature research, case analysis and other methods, with the clear identification of the legal attributes of the ride-hailing platform, and to standardize the market access conditions for special buses and drivers. To provide a certain degree of theoretical research value for the legal protection of passenger rights and interests. The first part of the article puts forward the practical problems existing in the network car-sharing environment. Based on the recent practical cases, this paper puts forward the problems to be solved urgently in the operation and operation of network ride-hailing, which lays the groundwork for the following writing. The second part of the article defines the legal attributes of the platform in the network car-sharing operation. First of all, the current academic circles have been summarized the relevant disputes, and then put forward their own point of view, that is, demonstration of the legal attributes of ride-hailing platforms should be based on their different operating methods and their own characteristics of classification and discussion. In the third part, the legal regulation of ride-sharing platform as carrier is solved. First, the market access rules of the ride-hailing platform are established, including the establishment conditions of the platform itself and the access conditions for vehicles and drivers. Second, standardize the network of ride-sharing platform operating obligations. Finally, it is clear that the net ride-hailing platform forbids sexual behavior. The fourth part of the article solves the problem of the legal regulation of the ride-hailing platform as an intermediary. First of all, set the access conditions of the network vehicle and special vehicle driver, the condition here should have higher standard than the condition under the platform self-supply vehicle mode. Secondly, regulate the intermediary behavior of the network ride-hailing platform, and standardize its joint and several liability under special circumstances. In July 2016, the new "interim measures for the Management of Network booking Taxi Business Service", which clearly defines the legal status of the net-ride-hailing platform, The relationship between the platform and the driver is defined as a part-time labor contract, and the platform company will bear the responsibility of the carrier. However, the author holds different opinions on this. Because of the multiple modes of network ride-sharing operation in practice, it is somewhat far-fetched and inappropriate to take the carrier theory as the platform attribute in the case of private car joining. Therefore, the conclusion of this paper is that the platform should be characterized as carrier in the case of self-confessing vehicle, while in the case of private car joining, the platform only has the legal attribute of intermediary. On this basis, further standardize the relevant legal obligations of the platform under the two models, and emphasize that the access conditions of the latter should have a higher standard, and that the platform will bear joint and several liability with the driver when the platform exceeds its intermediary status. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of passengers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.296

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