海上保險(xiǎn)利益與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)法律問題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-14 11:51
【摘要】：保險(xiǎn)公司賠付可能性的大小以及保險(xiǎn)合同的效力均取決于保險(xiǎn)利益的有無,而海上保險(xiǎn)利益作為其中一大特殊類別,不同于傳統(tǒng)意義上的可保利益,與買賣合同的重要基礎(chǔ)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)制度相關(guān)聯(lián),當(dāng)事人通過訂立海上保險(xiǎn)合同以解決跨國貨物買賣中貨物毀損滅失的救濟(jì)問題,二者共同引導(dǎo)海上保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。所以研究國際買賣合同項(xiàng)下海上保險(xiǎn)利益的歸屬和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)的法律問題不僅有利于買賣雙方正確投保以保障自身權(quán)益挽救損失,同時(shí)對(duì)于在保險(xiǎn)理賠糾紛時(shí)正確適用保險(xiǎn)利益原則及完善相關(guān)立法有重要的借鑒價(jià)值。文章第一部分在保險(xiǎn)利益原則的框架下提出海上保險(xiǎn)利益的概念,并結(jié)合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)制度的含義、法律后果等基礎(chǔ)理論,深入探究海上保險(xiǎn)利益與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)二者之間的關(guān)系,得出結(jié)論海上保險(xiǎn)利益與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)在認(rèn)定上應(yīng)遵循“實(shí)質(zhì)危險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)說”之規(guī)則。第二部分首先通過不同案例提出在FOB/CFR、CIF合同項(xiàng)下風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移之前買方海上保險(xiǎn)利益保護(hù)不全面的問題,然后在案例分析的基礎(chǔ)上討論買方在此種情形下是否具備海上保險(xiǎn)利益這一前提。其次結(jié)合目前世界各國海上保險(xiǎn)法實(shí)務(wù)中的解決方案,以FOB、CIF無論滅失與否條款和裝運(yùn)前條款為例,考量該類條款的缺陷所在,具體到CIF買賣中討論保險(xiǎn)合同轉(zhuǎn)讓的合理性依據(jù)。文章第三部分重點(diǎn)討論在不同違約情形發(fā)生時(shí)海上保險(xiǎn)利益于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)的相互影響相互制約。從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)一般規(guī)定著手,比對(duì)《聯(lián)合國貨物銷售合同公約》、以及英國《1906年海上保險(xiǎn)法》、《貨物買賣法》中的不同規(guī)定,分析一方違約時(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)于海上保險(xiǎn)利益適用的限制,橫向縱向比對(duì)海上保險(xiǎn)利益的界定與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)制度之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián),并對(duì)以上法律框架下海上保險(xiǎn)利益的救濟(jì)途徑加以研究。文章第四部分討論了中國目前立法的弊端并對(duì)未來相關(guān)立法的完善提出了建議,主要包括以“經(jīng)濟(jì)利害關(guān)系”界定海上保險(xiǎn)利益的屬性,明確海上保險(xiǎn)利益的轉(zhuǎn)移標(biāo)準(zhǔn),構(gòu)建海上保險(xiǎn)利益的新格局,認(rèn)定已付款買方的保險(xiǎn)當(dāng)事人地位等,從而將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)與海上保險(xiǎn)利益銜接起來以維護(hù)海上保險(xiǎn)合同損失分擔(dān)的目的。本文不囿于保險(xiǎn)法或者國際經(jīng)濟(jì)法單一的角度考量問題,通過中外理論的比較、案例分析等路徑,提煉出他國可借鑒的法律規(guī)定,結(jié)合實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)健全我國《海商法》的相關(guān)規(guī)定提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)和見解。
[Abstract]:The possibility of indemnity and the validity of insurance contract all depend on the existence or not of the insurance interest. As one of the special categories, the marine insurance interest is different from the insurable interest in the traditional sense. In connection with the important basic risk burden system of the contract of sale and purchase, the parties concerned conclude a contract of marine insurance to solve the problem of relief of the damage and loss of goods in the transnational sale and purchase of goods, both of which guide the development of the marine insurance industry. Therefore, studying the attribution of marine insurance interests and the burden of risks under international contracts of sale is not only conducive to the correct insurance of both parties in order to protect their own rights and interests to save losses, At the same time, it has important reference value for applying the principle of insurance interest and perfecting relevant legislation. The first part of the article puts forward the concept of marine insurance interest under the framework of insurance interest principle, and combines the basic theory of risk burden system and legal consequences to explore the relationship between marine insurance interest and risk burden. The conclusion is that the interest and risk burden of marine insurance should follow the rule of "substantial risk burden". The second part firstly puts forward the problem that the buyer's marine insurance interests are not fully protected before the risk transfer under FOB / CFRN CIF contract through different cases. Then, on the basis of case study, the premise of whether the buyer has marine insurance interest in this case is discussed. Secondly, combined with the solutions in the practice of marine insurance law of various countries in the world, taking the loss or loss clause and pre-shipment clause as examples, the defects of this kind of clause are considered, and the reasonable basis for the transfer of insurance contract is discussed in the course of CIF purchase and sale. The third part focuses on the mutual influence of marine insurance interests on the risk burden in different breach of contract. Starting from the general provisions on the burden of risk and comparing the different provisions of the United Nations Convention on contracts for the Sale of goods and the United Kingdom's Maritime Insurance Law of 1906 and the Law on the Sale of goods, this paper analyzes the limitations of the transfer of risks to the interests of marine insurance in case of breach of contract by one party. The relationship between the definition of marine insurance benefits and the risk burden system is studied in this paper, and the remedies of marine insurance benefits under the above legal framework are also studied. The fourth part of the article discusses the drawbacks of China's current legislation and puts forward some suggestions for the perfection of relevant legislation in the future, mainly including defining the attributes of marine insurance interests by "economic interests", and clarifying the criteria for the transfer of marine insurance interests. In order to maintain the purpose of loss sharing in marine insurance contract, a new pattern of marine insurance interests is constructed, and the position of the paid buyer is recognized, so as to link the risk burden with the interests of marine insurance. This article is not confined to the insurance law or the international economic law single angle consideration question, through the Chinese and foreign theory comparison, the case analysis and so on path, refines the other countries may draw lessons from the law stipulation, Combined with practical experience, the author puts forward his own views and opinions on perfecting the relevant regulations of Maritime Law of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.284
本文編號(hào)：2182773
[Abstract]:The possibility of indemnity and the validity of insurance contract all depend on the existence or not of the insurance interest. As one of the special categories, the marine insurance interest is different from the insurable interest in the traditional sense. In connection with the important basic risk burden system of the contract of sale and purchase, the parties concerned conclude a contract of marine insurance to solve the problem of relief of the damage and loss of goods in the transnational sale and purchase of goods, both of which guide the development of the marine insurance industry. Therefore, studying the attribution of marine insurance interests and the burden of risks under international contracts of sale is not only conducive to the correct insurance of both parties in order to protect their own rights and interests to save losses, At the same time, it has important reference value for applying the principle of insurance interest and perfecting relevant legislation. The first part of the article puts forward the concept of marine insurance interest under the framework of insurance interest principle, and combines the basic theory of risk burden system and legal consequences to explore the relationship between marine insurance interest and risk burden. The conclusion is that the interest and risk burden of marine insurance should follow the rule of "substantial risk burden". The second part firstly puts forward the problem that the buyer's marine insurance interests are not fully protected before the risk transfer under FOB / CFRN CIF contract through different cases. Then, on the basis of case study, the premise of whether the buyer has marine insurance interest in this case is discussed. Secondly, combined with the solutions in the practice of marine insurance law of various countries in the world, taking the loss or loss clause and pre-shipment clause as examples, the defects of this kind of clause are considered, and the reasonable basis for the transfer of insurance contract is discussed in the course of CIF purchase and sale. The third part focuses on the mutual influence of marine insurance interests on the risk burden in different breach of contract. Starting from the general provisions on the burden of risk and comparing the different provisions of the United Nations Convention on contracts for the Sale of goods and the United Kingdom's Maritime Insurance Law of 1906 and the Law on the Sale of goods, this paper analyzes the limitations of the transfer of risks to the interests of marine insurance in case of breach of contract by one party. The relationship between the definition of marine insurance benefits and the risk burden system is studied in this paper, and the remedies of marine insurance benefits under the above legal framework are also studied. The fourth part of the article discusses the drawbacks of China's current legislation and puts forward some suggestions for the perfection of relevant legislation in the future, mainly including defining the attributes of marine insurance interests by "economic interests", and clarifying the criteria for the transfer of marine insurance interests. In order to maintain the purpose of loss sharing in marine insurance contract, a new pattern of marine insurance interests is constructed, and the position of the paid buyer is recognized, so as to link the risk burden with the interests of marine insurance. This article is not confined to the insurance law or the international economic law single angle consideration question, through the Chinese and foreign theory comparison, the case analysis and so on path, refines the other countries may draw lessons from the law stipulation, Combined with practical experience, the author puts forward his own views and opinions on perfecting the relevant regulations of Maritime Law of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.284
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 程鑫;;海上貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)合同糾紛案評(píng)析[J];世界海運(yùn);2016年04期
2 許子生;;保險(xiǎn)利益載體轉(zhuǎn)讓對(duì)保險(xiǎn)合同效力影響的研究[J];現(xiàn)代交際;2013年12期
3 徐金麗;;淺析FOB和CFR條件下保險(xiǎn)利益的歸屬問題[J];黑龍江對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào);2011年01期
4 姚瑩;;關(guān)于修改《中華人民共和國海商法》的一點(diǎn)思考——論海上保險(xiǎn)中的保險(xiǎn)利益原則[J];當(dāng)代法學(xué);2007年06期
5 李欣;;海上貨物保險(xiǎn)利益案例的分析與思考[J];對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)實(shí)務(wù);2007年05期
6 賴少勇;;海上保險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)利益辨析[J];中南財(cái)經(jīng)政法大學(xué)研究生學(xué)報(bào);2007年02期
7 孫成杰;;論海上貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)中的保險(xiǎn)利益[J];珠江水運(yùn);2006年04期
8 周成杰;對(duì)海上保險(xiǎn)中保險(xiǎn)利益問題的研究[J];復(fù)旦學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2003年05期
9 李巍;國際貨物銷售風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移問題探討[J];政法論壇;2003年04期
10 趙敏;涉及運(yùn)輸時(shí)標(biāo)的物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移探析——關(guān)于《合同法》第145條、第147條的若干思考[J];河海大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2003年02期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 林劍;保險(xiǎn)利益若干問題研究[D];中國政法大學(xué);2005年
，本文編號(hào)：2182773
本文鏈接：http://www.sikaile.net/falvlunwen/jingjifalunwen/2182773.html
最近更新
教材專著
