本文選題：民用航空安全 + 國際航空保安公約��； 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：1978年以來,隨著改革開放的深入,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)得到飛速發(fā)展,國家之間的合作不斷加深,民用航空運(yùn)輸在國際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作中起到越來越重要的作用,乘坐飛機(jī)出行也更為廣泛的進(jìn)入到人們生活的方方面面,成為人們生活的一部分。伴隨著航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)的發(fā)展,一系列國內(nèi)乃至國際性的問題不斷出現(xiàn)。2001年911恐怖襲擊事件讓人們意識到民用航空運(yùn)輸不再安全,它不斷為各國犯罪分子所利用,成為危害國際民用航空安全的頭號威脅。各國意識到,唯有國際合作來才是打擊各類危害國際民用航空安全的違法行為的有力手段。自1960年以來,《東京公約》、《海牙公約》、《蒙特利爾公約》、《蒙特利爾公約補(bǔ)充議定書》和《北京公約》及《北京議定書》等一系列國際公約相繼出臺,將已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)或?qū)⒁霈F(xiàn)的對國際民用航空安全構(gòu)成威脅的行為定義為犯罪,以保障各國能夠借助航空器自由的交往,和諧有序的共生于地球村。雖然國際航空保安公約構(gòu)建了一個相對完備的法律體系,但是國內(nèi)立法卻仍然落后于世界的腳步,存在各種急需解決的問題。我國《民用航空法》出臺于1996年,是一部用以規(guī)范民用航空運(yùn)輸?shù)膶ｉT法律,其中對危害民用航空安全的行為進(jìn)行了分類,被認(rèn)定為犯罪的,則援引1979年《刑法》中的相應(yīng)條文對犯罪行為進(jìn)行處罰。但是,當(dāng)1979年《刑法》被1997年《刑法》所取代并有了九個修正案的現(xiàn)在,《民用航空法》仍停留在十幾年前的狀態(tài)。因此,兩部法律不統(tǒng)一、不協(xié)調(diào)便為維護(hù)民用航空運(yùn)輸造成了較大的阻礙。同時,由于我國國情和其他政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的原因,我國現(xiàn)行刑法還未完成與國際航空保安公約的接軌,罪名和罪狀的設(shè)置以及管轄權(quán)沖突等問題都為犯罪份子提供了可乘之機(jī)。本文以國際航空保安公約的內(nèi)容為基礎(chǔ),并對國內(nèi)立法與之存在的差異進(jìn)行全面分析研究,指出現(xiàn)階段我國維護(hù)民用航空安全的立法中存在的欠妥之處。同時,本文從我國立法現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),對《民用航空法》、《刑法》和相關(guān)法律法規(guī)的完善提出了建議,以促進(jìn)我國維護(hù)民用航空安全的立法完善。本文主要內(nèi)容共有四部分。第一部分是對國際航空保安公約的內(nèi)容的闡述,主要對國際航空保安公約中的定義、管轄權(quán)、適用的對象和時間以及程序法中的法律問題進(jìn)行概述。第二部分內(nèi)容是討論我國現(xiàn)行立法與國際航空保安公約的銜接問題,這一部分是從我國國內(nèi)立法的角度出發(fā),主要是《民用航空法》、《刑法》及其他相關(guān)規(guī)范性文件,分析哪些內(nèi)容與國際航空保安公約是相匹配的,哪些內(nèi)容又是與國際航空保安公約是不對應(yīng)的,為下文展開論述國內(nèi)立法和國際航空保安公約的缺陷做鋪墊。第三部分主要分析我國國內(nèi)立法的缺陷,其中主要是對《民用航空法》、1997年《刑法》和其他一些規(guī)范性法律文件中所存在立法缺陷進(jìn)行論述,重點(diǎn)論證了我國現(xiàn)行刑法所存在的問題,包括刑法對罪名的描述不夠準(zhǔn)確,犯罪的構(gòu)成要件與國際航空保安公約不統(tǒng)一,對名詞的解釋與國際航空保安公約不一致,對管轄權(quán)沖突的處理不適當(dāng)以及未將威脅犯罪入刑等問題。第四部分內(nèi)容主要是我國保護(hù)民用航空安全的立法建議,該部分內(nèi)容借鑒國際航空保安公約的內(nèi)容對我國國內(nèi)立法提出立法建議,以完善我國保護(hù)民用航空安全的法律體系。
[Abstract]:Since 1978, with the deepening of the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly and the cooperation between countries has deepened. Civil aviation transportation has played a more and more important role in international economic cooperation. It has also been more widely used in all aspects of people's life, and has become a part of people's life. The development of transportation industry, a series of domestic and international problems continue to appear in the 9? 11 terrorist attacks of.2001 years. People realize that civil aviation is no longer safe. It is used by criminals in various countries and becomes the first threat to the safety of international civil aviation. Since 1960, a series of international conventions, such as the Tokyo convention, the Hague convention, the Montreal convention, the Montreal convention, the Montreal convention Supplementary Protocol and the Beijing Convention and the Beijing protocol have been published since 1960. The act of threat is defined as a crime to ensure the free communication of the aircraft and the harmonious and orderly symbiosis of the earth village. Although the international aviation security convention has built a relatively complete legal system, the domestic legislation still falls behind the world, and there are various problems to be solved urgently. Law was introduced in 1996, which is a special law used to regulate civil aviation transportation, which classifies the acts endangering civil aviation safety and has been identified as a crime. The corresponding provisions in the 1979 < criminal law > are cited for the punishment of criminal acts. However, the 1979 < penal law > was replaced by 1997 < penal law > and nine amendments Now, the civil aviation law still stays in the state of more than a dozen years ago. Therefore, the two laws are not unified, and the incoordination has caused great obstacles to the maintenance of civil aviation transportation. At the same time, the current criminal law of our country has not completed the connection with the international air security conventions because of our national conditions and other political and economic reasons. This article, based on the contents of the international air security convention, analyzes the differences between domestic legislation and the existence of the domestic legislation and refers to the shortcomings in the legislation of the emergence of China's civil aviation security at the emergence stage. On the basis of the present situation, some suggestions are made for the improvement of the civil aviation law, the criminal law and the relevant laws and regulations to promote the legislative perfection of the civil aviation safety in China. The main contents of this article are four parts. The first part is the exposition of the contents of the international air security convention, the definition, jurisdiction and suitability of the international air security conventions. The second part is to discuss the connection between the current legislation of China and the international air security convention. This part is from the perspective of domestic legislation, mainly the civil aviation law, the criminal law and his related normative documents, and the analysis of which contents and countries. The third part mainly analyzes the defects of domestic legislation in China, including the civil aviation law, the 1997 < penal code > and some other rules. The legislative defects in the legal documents are discussed, and the problems in the current criminal law of China are demonstrated, including the inaccurate description of the criminal law, the ununity of the constitutive requirements of the crime and the international air security conventions, the disagreement with the international air security conventions and the improper handling of the conflict of jurisdiction. The fourth part is mainly about our legislative proposals for the protection of civil aviation safety. This part of the contents of the international aviation security convention put forward legislative proposals to our domestic legislation in order to improve the legal system for the protection of civil aviation safety in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D993.4;D922.296

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