本文選題：市場(chǎng)失靈 + 政府失靈　； 參考：《南昌大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：政府和市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系是經(jīng)濟(jì)法律制度和經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)研究的一個(gè)邏輯起點(diǎn),在經(jīng)濟(jì)法律制度的理論和實(shí)踐中的困惑無(wú)不與之有關(guān)。市場(chǎng)存在壟斷、負(fù)外部性、公共產(chǎn)品供給不足、收入分配不公等失靈,市場(chǎng)失靈需要政府加以干預(yù),而政府的干預(yù)行為需要法律制度加以規(guī)范,以減少政府失靈,這個(gè)邏輯在經(jīng)濟(jì)法的獨(dú)立性紛爭(zhēng)中已得到充分論述。盡管“市場(chǎng)失靈”在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)法理論中享有自然科學(xué)中公理一般的地位,但這個(gè)概念的形成卻以西方市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家為社會(huì)原型,我國(guó)的市場(chǎng)化形成路徑與西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家完全不同,因此對(duì)“市場(chǎng)失靈”這個(gè)舶來(lái)品如何適用于我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)法律建設(shè)還應(yīng)當(dāng)區(qū)別看待。法律制度與市場(chǎng)交易、政府干預(yù)緊密相連,但是我國(guó)在過(guò)去計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期影響下,對(duì)于法律構(gòu)建有著過(guò)度的迷念,尤其對(duì)于公權(quán)力管制私權(quán)利有著強(qiáng)烈的依賴(lài),對(duì)于市場(chǎng)、私權(quán)利的強(qiáng)大內(nèi)在力重視不足,對(duì)于制度科學(xué)性、可行性的重視度也嚴(yán)重不足。實(shí)際上制度只能是手段,不能成為目的,故而在任何階段都不能放縱對(duì)制度的迷戀。更何況制度也存在制度替換、制度違背、制度投機(jī)、制度抵制、制度敷衍、制度附加、制度誤用、制度照搬等失靈,不合理的法律制度無(wú)疑反過(guò)來(lái)成為改革的阻力,影響法律的實(shí)效。研究制度失靈可以使經(jīng)濟(jì)法律制度更好的彌補(bǔ)市場(chǎng)失靈和政府失靈。依據(jù)這樣的邏輯,本文意在探尋市場(chǎng)、政府和制度三者之間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系,明確市場(chǎng)的決定性地位,厘清政府和市場(chǎng)的邊界,使經(jīng)濟(jì)法律制度更好的契合市場(chǎng)的需求,從而推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)的發(fā)展。本文內(nèi)容加上引言和結(jié)論一共有六個(gè)章節(jié)。第一章引言交代了本文的寫(xiě)作的時(shí)代背景。十八屆三中全會(huì)明確了“使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發(fā)揮政府作用”的市場(chǎng)化改革目標(biāo),十八屆四中全會(huì)提出了“全面推進(jìn)依法治國(guó)”,在這樣的時(shí)代下,探討政府、市場(chǎng)、制度三者之間的關(guān)系具有迫切的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。第二章分為三個(gè)小節(jié),從三個(gè)方面解釋了論述市場(chǎng)、政府和制度的關(guān)系的必要性:一是當(dāng)前我國(guó)的反市場(chǎng)化現(xiàn)狀嚴(yán)重,市場(chǎng)化改革要求正確處理好政府和市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系;二是現(xiàn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)法律制度與市場(chǎng)的契合度不足,對(duì)于政府行為的約束不足,與我國(guó)依法治國(guó)的理念相背離;三是在法學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)于制度的研究以及市場(chǎng)決定作用下制度如何適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制探討不足。第三章分為四個(gè)小節(jié),從四個(gè)方面抽離出中西方在處理政府與市場(chǎng)關(guān)系的經(jīng)驗(yàn):一是我國(guó)對(duì)于市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定作用的認(rèn)識(shí)及西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)所主張的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行邏輯;二是市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展離不開(kāi)制度的保障,市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)就是法治經(jīng)濟(jì),產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)、市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、市場(chǎng)交易、市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等法律制度是穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng)秩序、促進(jìn)市場(chǎng)交易必要保障;三是市場(chǎng)失靈需要政府干預(yù),市場(chǎng)失靈分為效率性市場(chǎng)失靈、公平性市場(chǎng)失靈和不成熟性市場(chǎng)失靈,不同的市場(chǎng)失靈有不同的政府干預(yù);四是公共政策失誤、公共產(chǎn)品供給低效等政府失靈需要法律制度加以約束。從這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)中可以梳理出制度尤其是法律制度與市場(chǎng)、與政府的密切聯(lián)系。第四章分為四個(gè)小節(jié),論述了市場(chǎng)機(jī)制、政府干預(yù)與制度中心主義,主要有三層意思:一是應(yīng)然上制度是市場(chǎng)自由發(fā)展、政府依法干預(yù)的保障,但是不能因此而陷入制度中心主義的錯(cuò)誤邏輯之中,制度只是手段不是目的,更非萬(wàn)能,制度中心主義不能實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的法治經(jīng)濟(jì);二是制度也存在失靈,并介紹了制度失靈的類(lèi)別和表現(xiàn),分析了制度失靈的原因;三是制度中心主義對(duì)于處理政府和市場(chǎng)關(guān)系的影響。第五章分為三個(gè)小節(jié),論述經(jīng)濟(jì)法如何與市場(chǎng)機(jī)制、政府干預(yù)相契合。首先要明確市場(chǎng)的決定地位,充分鼓勵(lì)市場(chǎng)自主,減少不成熟性市場(chǎng)失靈。其次政府干預(yù)也應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重市場(chǎng)機(jī)制,政府干預(yù)市場(chǎng)應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量減少微觀監(jiān)管,增強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控的法治化,落實(shí)放管結(jié)合,建立公共服務(wù)性政府。最后,就經(jīng)濟(jì)法如何契合市場(chǎng)做出了以下幾點(diǎn)建議:一是針對(duì)基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)、土地、金融、環(huán)境等當(dāng)前改革的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)當(dāng)做好法律的配套工作;二是在改革的不同階段做好法律制度的過(guò)渡性安排,減少改革的風(fēng)險(xiǎn);三是從立法、執(zhí)法、守法及法律責(zé)任體系建設(shè)方面入手,提高立法質(zhì)量,減少制度失靈。第六章總結(jié),概括論述了在經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)的視角下,政府、市場(chǎng)和制度各自的角色、功能、以及相互間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The relationship between the government and the market is a logical starting point for the economic legal system and the study of economic law. The perplexity in the theory and practice of the economic and legal system is all related to it. The market exists monopoly, negative externality, the supply of public products is insufficient, and the income distribution is unfair. The market failure needs the government to intervene, and the government intervention The action needs the legal system to be regulated to reduce the failure of the government. This logic has been fully discussed in the independence dispute of economic law. Although "market failure" enjoys the general position of axiom in Natural Science in China's economic law theory, the concept is formed by the developed countries of the western market economy as a social prototype, The market formation path of the country is completely different from that of the western developed countries. Therefore, how the "market failure" is applied to the economic law construction of our country should be treated differently. The legal system is closely connected with the market transaction and the government intervention. However, under the long-term influence of the planned economy in the past, China has had a long time for the construction of the law. There is a strong dependence on the public power to control private rights. It pays little attention to the strong internal force of the market, the private rights, and the importance of the feasibility of the system. In fact, the system can only be a means, can not be a purpose, so it can not indulge in the system at any stage. The system also has system replacement, system violation, system speculation, system boycott, system perfunctory, system appending, system misuse, system copying and so on. Unreasonable legal system will undoubtedly become the resistance of reform and influence the actual effect of law. The failure of the research system can make the economic legal system better make up market failure and government failure. According to this logic, this article aims to explore the interactive relationship between the market, the government and the three system, clear the decisive position of the market, clarify the boundary of the government and the market, make the economic legal system better fit the demand of the market, and promote the development of the economic law. The content plus the introduction and the conclusion have six chapters in all. The introduction of chapter introduces the background of the writing of this article. In the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the goal of "making the market to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and giving full play to the role of the government" was clarified in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. In the fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the "comprehensive promotion of the rule of law" was put forward. In this era, the three parties of government, market and system were discussed. The relationship between them is of urgent theoretical and practical significance. The second chapter is divided into three sections. From three aspects, it explains the necessity of discussing the market and the relationship between the government and the system: first, the current situation of our country's anti marketization is serious, the market-oriented reform requires the correct handling of the relationship between the government and the market; two is the current economic legal system and the city. The agreement of the field is insufficient, the restraint of the government's behavior is insufficient and the idea of governing the country by law is deviated from the law. Three is in the study of the system and the market decision to adapt to the market mechanism under the role of the law academia. The third chapter is divided into four sections, and the Chinese and Western countries are separated from four aspects to deal with the government and the market. The experience of the Department is: one is our understanding of the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources and the logic of the operation of the market economy advocated by the western economics. Two, the development of the market is inseparable from the guarantee of the system, the market economy is the rule of law economy, the protection of the property rights, the market access, the market trade, the market competition and so on is the stable market rank. In order to promote the necessary guarantee of market transaction, three is that market failure needs government intervention, market failure is divided into efficient market failure, fair market failure and immature market failure, different market failure has different government intervention; four is public policy error, public product supply is inefficient and other government failures need the legal system to make an appointment From the summary of these experiences, we can sort out the system, especially the legal system and market, and the close relationship with the government. The fourth chapter is divided into four sections. It discusses the market mechanism, the government intervention and the institutional centralism, which mainly have three meanings: first, the system is the guarantee of the market self development and the government intervention according to law, but it can not be caused by the legal system. In the wrong logic of institutional centralism, the system is only the means is not the purpose, but not the universal, the system centralism can not realize the real rule of law economy; two is the system also has the failure, and introduces the system failure category and performance, analyzes the reasons of the system failure; the three is the system centralism to deal with the government and the city. The fifth chapter is divided into three sections, which are divided into three sections. It is discussed how economic law fits with market mechanism and government intervention. First, it is necessary to make clear the decisive position of the market, fully encourage market autonomy and reduce the malfunction of the immature market. Secondly, the market mechanism should be respected by the government intervention, and the government intervention in the market should minimize the micro supervision and increase the supervision of the market. In the end, the following suggestions are made on how economic law fits the market. First, the legal system should be done well in the key areas of current reform such as basic industry, land, finance and environment, and two is to do a good job in the legal system at different stages of the reform. The transitional arrangement will reduce the risk of reform; the three is to improve the quality of legislation and reduce the failure of the system from the aspects of legislation, law enforcement, law-abiding and legal responsibility system. The sixth chapter summarizes the respective roles, functions and interaction relations of government, market and system in the perspective of economic law.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.29;D630;F123.9

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本文編號(hào)：1880934