本文關鍵詞： 保險條款解釋 格式條款 不利解釋 合理期待　出處：《蘭州大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：保險承載著分擔社會風險和將來可能發(fā)生的意外風險的功能,而商業(yè)保險中的保險合同是厘定保險人同投保人、被保險人及受益人各方利益得失的重要依據。隨著現(xiàn)代會社會保險行為的普遍化,基于對保險合同條文理解的模糊引起的糾紛也在不斷增多,對保險合同條文合理、公平的解釋不僅是保險法專家學者們研究的重點,也是我國保險行業(yè)面臨的一個現(xiàn)實問題。保險合同的解釋方法,是指保險的當事人對合同的條款或者語句存在理解上的不一致,由相關的司法部門根據一定的標準,對該條款進行解釋并公平處理糾紛的過程。商業(yè)保險中使用的合同不同于一般的商品交易合同,這類合同專業(yè)性較強,且大多是格式合同。保險公司通常使用事先擬定的合同開展保險交易,以達到節(jié)約交易成本,提高交易效率的目的。但是在現(xiàn)實的保險業(yè)運作過程中,保險人在制定保險合同時,通常會利用其優(yōu)勢地位,引入免責條款,免除或限制自身的責任,同時加大合同相對方的責任。為合理分配保險當事人之間的利益,法律應當傾向于保護處于相對弱勢地位的保險相對人,所以不利解釋原則的出現(xiàn)也就成為一種必然。我國《保險法》在頒布后,并經過幾次修訂,確立不利解釋原則作為處理保險糾紛的一項重要原則。不利原則在保險業(yè)實踐中維護保險相對人利益方面的作用不可漠視,但如果法官不能正確使用這項原則處理保險糾紛,難免會有損害保險人利益之嫌。為平衡保險各方之利益天平,對不利解釋原則進行理論上的探討就顯得頗有必要了。本文擬對不利解釋原則在法學理論上進行研究,試圖以不利解釋的適用前提、適用順序以及適用的條款類型等因素為切入點,對不利解釋在適用上的除外情況進行論證和歸納總結,同時汲取國外立法的先進經驗,對不利解釋在我國保險法立法及司法實踐中如何適用及完善,提出可行性建議,以期在保險當事人之間形成一個必要的張力,合理平衡當事人之間的利益,促進我國保險事業(yè)的正常發(fā)展。本文主體分為四個部分。第一部分主要研究不利解釋的基本理論問題,探討該原則的立法淵源,同時結合保險條款的特殊性,分析不利解釋原則引入我國保險法的原因；第二部分提出保險合同解釋的一般原則,并闡明不利解釋原則同其它一般原則之間的關系,在適用上的邏輯順序如何,以明確不利解釋原則同其他一般原則在使用上的先后順序；第三部分以一個案例展開,主要分析不利解釋原則適用的保險條款的類型,為今后我國保險合同格式條款不利解釋原則的完善提供提供一些理論依據；第四部分通過提出不利解釋原則在我國立法和司法實踐中存在的問題,在理論上提出問題的解決思路,探索出完善我國保險格式條款疑義解釋之正確途徑。
[Abstract]:Insurance bears the function of sharing social risk and possible unexpected risk in the future, and the insurance contract in commercial insurance is to determine the insurer's co-insured, With the generalization of the social insurance behavior of the modern society, the disputes caused by the vague understanding of the insurance contract provisions are also increasing, which is reasonable to the insurance contract provisions. Fair interpretation is not only the focus of the study of insurance law experts, but also a practical problem facing the insurance industry in China. Refers to the inconsistent understanding of the terms or statements of the contract by the parties to the insurance, and the relevant judicial departments shall base their understanding on certain standards. The process of interpreting this clause and resolving disputes fairly. The contracts used in commercial insurance are different from general commodity trading contracts, which are more professional, And most of them are format contracts. Insurance companies usually use pre-made contracts to carry out insurance transactions in order to save transaction costs and improve transaction efficiency. But in the actual operation of the insurance industry, When the insurer formulates the insurance contract, it usually takes advantage of its advantage, introduces the exemption clause, exempts or limits its own liability, and increases the liability of the opposite party of the contract at the same time, in order to reasonably distribute the benefit between the insurance parties, The law should be inclined to protect the relative person who is in a relatively weak position, so the emergence of the unfavorable interpretation principle has become a necessity. After the promulgation of the Insurance Law of China, it has been revised several times. Establishing the principle of unfavorable interpretation as an important principle in dealing with insurance disputes. The role of unfavorable principle in safeguarding the interests of the insurance counterpart in insurance practice cannot be ignored, but if the judge does not correctly use this principle to deal with insurance disputes, In order to balance the balance of interests of all parties, it is necessary to discuss the principle of unfavorable interpretation in theory. This paper tries to use the applicable premise, the order and the type of clauses of unfavorable interpretation as the starting point to demonstrate and sum up the exclusions in the application of unfavorable interpretation, and at the same time to draw on the advanced experience of foreign legislation. How to apply and perfect the unfavorable interpretation in the legislation and judicial practice of insurance law in our country, and put forward some feasible suggestions, in order to form a necessary tension between the insurance parties, and to reasonably balance the interests of the parties. The main body of this paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly studies the basic theoretical problems of unfavorable interpretation, probes into the legislative origin of the principle, and combines the particularity of the insurance clause. The second part puts forward the general principles of the interpretation of insurance contract, and clarifies the relationship between the principles of adverse interpretation and other general principles, and the logical order of its application. The third part starts with a case, mainly analyzes the types of insurance clauses to which the unfavorable interpretation principle applies. To provide some theoretical basis for the perfection of the unfavorable interpretation principle of the form clause of insurance contract in our country in the future. Part 4th, the problems existing in the legislation and judicial practice of our country by putting forward the unfavorable interpretation principle. This paper puts forward the solution of the problem in theory, and explores the correct way to perfect the doubtful interpretation of the insurance form clause in our country.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.284

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相關期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1555570