本文關(guān)鍵詞： 網(wǎng)約車 政府規(guī)制 公共政策 監(jiān)管體系　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展催生了"共享經(jīng)濟"的繁榮,推動了代表性業(yè)態(tài)——網(wǎng)約車的壯大。我國的網(wǎng)約車業(yè)務(wù)雖起步于網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租車,但在本質(zhì)上與巡游出租車分屬兩個不同行業(yè),甚至兩者之間的競爭還引發(fā)了廣泛的社會討論。網(wǎng)約車問題表面上是市場需求與公平競爭無法平衡而產(chǎn)生的矛盾,但更深層次上是"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+,"背景下的共享經(jīng)濟與政府原有監(jiān)管方式的沖突。對網(wǎng)約車的監(jiān)管,需要一種連接傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的新型規(guī)制模式來實現(xiàn)。這既考驗政府的智慧與執(zhí)行能力,也給"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+"時代的政府行政理念與規(guī)制改革提供了新的契機。國外政府對網(wǎng)約車的規(guī)制,經(jīng)歷了從前期的任其發(fā)展,到一定階段的完全禁止,最后形成"嚴(yán)準(zhǔn)入、重監(jiān)管"模式的過程,不斷修訂完善現(xiàn)有法律。在國內(nèi),隨著《網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租車經(jīng)營服務(wù)管理暫行辦法》于2016年7月27日正式出臺,標(biāo)志著歷時近兩年的網(wǎng)約車合法化得到了中央政府層面的最終認(rèn)可,由此政府對于網(wǎng)約車的規(guī)制開始進入有法可依的執(zhí)行階段。2016年10月以來,全國各大城市相繼出臺了地方性網(wǎng)約車規(guī)制政策。各地方性網(wǎng)約車政策由于各自實際情況的差異,在寬松程度上存在明顯不同,主要存在兩方面的問題:首先,規(guī)制理念滯后,當(dāng)前出臺的《暫行辦法》和實施細(xì)則所體現(xiàn)的理念仍然是被動的管制,而缺乏主動的引導(dǎo),只能在短時間內(nèi)解決現(xiàn)有問題,客觀上政府規(guī)制一直處于滯后狀態(tài);其次,規(guī)制手段的路徑依賴,中央層面要求的"高品質(zhì)、差異化"原則,被地方政府機械的執(zhí)行為高于出租車的車型和定價,陷入了規(guī)制手段的路徑依賴,并沒有針對新興行業(yè)的新方法,主要體現(xiàn)在平臺準(zhǔn)入、人員車輛準(zhǔn)入、運營行為等內(nèi)容照搬巡游出租車的規(guī)定。基于此,本研究認(rèn)為政府規(guī)制網(wǎng)約車應(yīng)當(dāng)從三個方面改進:第一,創(chuàng)新規(guī)制思路。對于網(wǎng)約車的規(guī)制不能單從行業(yè)本身考慮,應(yīng)當(dāng)從公共交通行業(yè)的整體改革出發(fā);擺脫路徑依賴,基于"共享經(jīng)濟"的特性"另起爐灶";從"管制"到"服務(wù)",政府監(jiān)管應(yīng)當(dāng)"重保障、輕干預(yù)"。第二,引入多元主體互動機制。發(fā)揮政府的引導(dǎo)作用,建立多部門參與的規(guī)制體系;明確市場調(diào)節(jié)的主導(dǎo)地位,在規(guī)制執(zhí)行過程中應(yīng)當(dāng)盡可能地減少行政權(quán)力對行業(yè)發(fā)展的干預(yù),將行業(yè)發(fā)展交由市場決定;明確社會主體的角色,嘗試多中心的治理方式。第三,完善規(guī)制手段。完善立法,明確權(quán)責(zé)劃分;加強中央統(tǒng)籌,避免地方自主權(quán)的濫用;減少直接規(guī)制手段,運用間接手段進行數(shù)量調(diào)節(jié);堅持市場定價;對于運營行為的監(jiān)管,應(yīng)以引導(dǎo)為主、處罰為輔。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)更新的大背景下,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)的結(jié)合才剛剛開始,會有越來越多的像"網(wǎng)約車"一樣的新興行業(yè)不斷涌現(xiàn),這是未來經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的趨勢。同時,對網(wǎng)約車和"共享經(jīng)濟"來說,"合法化"只是混亂局面的結(jié)束,但未來的發(fā)展仍然是機遇挑戰(zhàn)并存。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of Internet technology has given birth to the prosperity of "sharing economy", and has promoted the growth of the representative form of car-sharing. However, the competition between taxi and cruise taxi belongs to two different industries in essence, and even the competition between them leads to a wide range of social discussions. On the surface, the problem of ride-sharing is a contradiction between market demand and fair competition. But deeper is the conflict between the sharing economy in the context of the "Internet," and the government's original regulatory approach. A new regulatory model linking tradition and modernity is needed. This will test the wisdom and executive power of the government. It also provides a new opportunity for the reform of the government's administrative concept and regulation in the "Internet" era. Foreign governments' regulation of ride-sharing has experienced from the early stage of its development, to a certain stage of complete prohibition, and finally formed a "strict access," The process of heavy supervision "mode, constantly revising and perfecting the existing laws. In China, with the" interim measures for the Management of online Taxi booking Service "formally introduced in July 27th 2016, It marks that the legalization of ride-sharing has been approved by the central government for nearly two years, so the government's regulation on net-ride-sharing has begun to enter the stage of enforcement with laws to follow. Since October 2016, The local ride-sharing policy has been introduced in succession in each big city of China. Because of the difference of the actual situation, there are obvious differences in the degree of leniency, there are two main problems: first, the concept of regulation lags behind. The concept embodied in the present interim measures and implementation rules is still passive control, and the lack of active guidance can only solve the existing problems in a short time, objectively speaking, the government regulation has been lagging behind; secondly, The path dependence of regulatory means and the principle of "high quality, differentiation" required by the central level have been implemented by local government machinery as higher than taxi models and pricing, so they fall into the path dependence of regulatory means. There are no new methods for emerging industries, mainly embodied in platform access, personnel and vehicle access, operating behavior, and other aspects of copying the rules of cruise taxis. Based on this, This research thinks that the government regulation should be improved from three aspects: first, the innovation of regulatory thinking. The regulation of ride-sharing should not only be considered from the industry itself, but also from the overall reform of the public transport industry, and get rid of the path dependence. Based on the characteristics of "shared economy", "a new stove"; from "regulation" to "service", government supervision should "pay more attention to protection than intervention." second, the introduction of multi-agent interaction mechanism to play a leading role of the government. To establish a regulatory system of multi-sector participation, to clarify the dominant position of market regulation, to minimize the interference of administrative power in the development of the industry, to give the industry development to the market to decide, to clarify the role of the social subject, and to make clear the role of the social subject. Third, perfect legislation, clear the division of power and responsibility; strengthen the central planning, avoid the abuse of local autonomy; reduce the direct means of regulation, use indirect means to adjust the quantity; Adhere to the market pricing; the supervision of operating behavior should be guided, supplemented by punishment. In the context of network technology upgrading, the combination of the Internet and traditional industries has just begun. There will be more and more emerging industries like ride-hailing, which is the trend of the future economy. At the same time, legalization is just the end of chaos for ride-hailing and sharing economies. But the future development is still opportunities and challenges.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.296

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 王滿船;公共政策手段的類型及其比較分析[J];國家行政學(xué)院學(xué)報;2004年05期

2 陳惠珍;;淺論歐盟氣候法的法律框架與規(guī)制手段[J];商品與質(zhì)量;2012年S7期

3 陳若英;;感性與理性之間的選擇——評《氣候變化正義》和減排規(guī)制手段[J];政法論壇;2013年02期

4 吳美滿;;環(huán)境污染職務(wù)犯罪查處困境及其可能出路[J];中國檢察官;2014年11期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 李響;PPP政府規(guī)制的立法政策研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2016年

2 董文華;超標(biāo)排污的法律規(guī)制[D];蘇州大學(xué);2016年

3 李奇林;政府規(guī)制視角下的我國網(wǎng)約車監(jiān)管政策研究[D];山東大學(xué);2017年

4 王寧;論規(guī)勸與處罰的平衡[D];中國礦業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

5 唐利波;毒駕入刑問題研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號：1549339