發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-10 14:55

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 預(yù)付卡 監(jiān)管制度 消費(fèi)者權(quán)益 備付金保險(xiǎn) 信息記載　出處：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系逐步發(fā)展壯大,交易方式也不斷翻新變化。其中,預(yù)付式交易結(jié)算模式日益流行,預(yù)付卡市場(chǎng)愈見(jiàn)火爆。然而,預(yù)付卡市場(chǎng)繁榮的同時(shí),卻出現(xiàn)了諸多亂象,消費(fèi)者權(quán)益難以得到有效保護(hù)。為此,我國(guó)相關(guān)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)頒布了若干部門(mén)規(guī)章予以規(guī)范,有關(guān)預(yù)付卡的監(jiān)管體系初步確立。但是這一規(guī)范體系比較簡(jiǎn)單,尚不足以有效規(guī)范整個(gè)預(yù)付卡市場(chǎng),亟需進(jìn)一步健全與完善。預(yù)付卡(Prepaid Card)是近些年來(lái)市場(chǎng)上廣泛存在的一種交易結(jié)算手段。因?yàn)槠鋵⒇浛钐崆爸С霾?chǔ)存于卡片中,消費(fèi)者攜帶方便且不用記名,商家也可提前回籠資金,因此具有廣泛的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,深受消費(fèi)者和商家的喜愛(ài)。與其他類(lèi)卡片不同,預(yù)付卡具有預(yù)付性、見(jiàn)卡即付性、格式性和小額支付的特征。根據(jù)不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn),預(yù)付卡可做不同分類(lèi)。預(yù)付卡不同于一般民事合同法律關(guān)系,既不是一般的買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同,不同于借貸合同,也不同于貨幣、證券或其他金融工具。預(yù)付卡市場(chǎng)的種種亂象不僅侵害了眾多消費(fèi)者的合法權(quán)益,也存在洗錢(qián)犯罪的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),會(huì)擾亂金融秩序,更會(huì)增加偷稅漏稅的渠道,因而對(duì)其監(jiān)管十分必要,有利于使其朝著公平與誠(chéng)信的方向發(fā)展。世界各國(guó)（地區(qū)）對(duì)預(yù)付卡監(jiān)管的模式各有特色。美國(guó)由數(shù)個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)分工協(xié)作,并對(duì)預(yù)付卡做了分類(lèi)管理,通過(guò)信息公開(kāi)及責(zé)任限額制度保護(hù)消費(fèi)者的權(quán)益。日本實(shí)行以?xún)?nèi)閣大臣為主的集權(quán)監(jiān)管,對(duì)預(yù)付卡實(shí)施分類(lèi)申報(bào)登記,地位繼承制度、保證金與保全契約制度都是日本的重要制度。加拿大魁北克省則規(guī)定了告知解釋義務(wù)和返還余額義務(wù),并要求不得收取額外費(fèi)用。我國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)規(guī)定了預(yù)付卡必須記載和不得記載的事項(xiàng),并采取了多種可選擇的履約保證方式。這些制度對(duì)我國(guó)完善預(yù)付卡監(jiān)管有較好的借鑒意義。我國(guó)央行和商務(wù)部經(jīng)過(guò)初步探索,發(fā)布了若干部門(mén)規(guī)章來(lái)規(guī)范預(yù)付卡市場(chǎng)。主要的制度框架有:防止擅自挪用客戶(hù)資金的備付金存管制度;防止行賄受賄等違法行為的實(shí)名購(gòu)卡制度;降低違法犯罪可能性的非現(xiàn)金購(gòu)卡制度以及若干維護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益制度。但我國(guó)的這一制度體系面臨著較大的挑戰(zhàn)。備付金利息歸屬有待明確,也尚未有效利用;實(shí)名購(gòu)卡制被重重規(guī)避而落實(shí)困難;對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)尚缺乏有效規(guī)制;眾多非法人企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商戶(hù)也并未納入監(jiān)管范圍。有鑒于此,我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)在現(xiàn)有框架基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步完善相關(guān)制度。首先,用客戶(hù)備付金產(chǎn)生的利息建立起備付金保險(xiǎn)制度;其次,擴(kuò)大強(qiáng)制性非現(xiàn)金結(jié)算的范圍;再次,落實(shí)實(shí)名購(gòu)卡制度;又次,對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易平臺(tái)預(yù)付卡業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)行分類(lèi)監(jiān)管;最后,將各類(lèi)發(fā)卡主體全面納入監(jiān)管范圍,并通過(guò)限制發(fā)行權(quán)、登記備案、信息記載等方式予以規(guī)范。
[Abstract]:The market economy system of our country is gradually developing and expanding, and the trading methods are constantly changing. Among them, the prepaid trading and settlement mode is becoming more and more popular, and the prepaid card market is becoming more and more popular. However, while the prepaid card market is booming, there has been a lot of chaos at the same time. It is difficult to effectively protect the rights and interests of consumers. For this reason, the relevant regulatory bodies of our country have promulgated a number of departmental regulations to regulate them, and the regulatory system on prepaid cards has been preliminarily established. However, this regulatory system is relatively simple. It is not enough to regulate the whole prepaid card market effectively, and it needs to be further improved and perfected. Prepaid Card is a widely used transaction settlement method in the market in recent years, because it stores the payment in advance and stores the payment in the card. Consumers are easy to carry and can withdraw funds in advance, so they have a wide range of applications and are deeply loved by consumers and merchants. Unlike other types of cards, prepaid cards are prepaid, see card pay-as-you-go, The characteristics of format and small payment. According to different standards, prepaid cards can be classified differently. Prepaid cards are different from general civil contract legal relations, and are not ordinary contracts of sale and purchase, different from loan contracts, and also different from currencies, Securities or other financial instruments. All kinds of chaos in the prepaid card market not only infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of many consumers, but also has the risk of money laundering crimes, which will disrupt the financial order and increase the channels for tax evasion and tax evasion. Therefore, it is necessary to supervise it, which is conducive to its development towards the direction of fairness and integrity. The modes of prepaid card regulation in various countries (regions) have their own characteristics. The United States has a division of labor and cooperation among several institutions, and has made a classification of prepaid cards. To protect the rights and interests of consumers through the information disclosure and liability limitation system. Japan has implemented centralized supervision by cabinet ministers, classified declaration and registration of prepaid cards, and status inheritance system. Both the bond and preservation contracts are important systems in Japan. Quebec, Canada, imposes an obligation to explain and return the balance. The Taiwan area of our country has stipulated that prepayment cards must be recorded and must not be recorded. And has adopted many kinds of optional performance guarantee methods. These systems have good reference significance for our country to perfect the supervision of prepaid card. The central bank and the Ministry of Commerce of our country have preliminarily explored, A number of departmental regulations have been issued to regulate the prepaid card market. The main institutional frameworks are: the reserve deposit system to prevent unauthorized embezzlement of customer funds; the system of buying cards by real names to prevent illegal acts such as bribery and bribery; The system of non-cash purchase card and some system of safeguarding consumer's rights and interests, which can reduce the possibility of illegal crime, but the system of our country is faced with great challenge, the ownership of interest of reserve fund is not clear, and it has not been used effectively. The real name purchase card system is difficult to implement due to its circumvention; there is still a lack of effective regulation on the online trading platform; and many unincorporated enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households have not been included in the scope of supervision. China should further improve the relevant systems on the basis of the existing framework. Firstly, the reserve insurance system should be established with the interest generated by the customer reserve; secondly, the scope of compulsory non-cash settlement should be expanded; thirdly, the system of real name purchase cards should be implemented. Again, the network trading platform prepaid card business classification supervision; finally, all kinds of card issuers into the scope of supervision, and by restricting the right to issue, registration and filing, information recording and other ways to regulate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.28

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