【摘要】：婚姻家庭是社會的細胞，是人類社會的基礎(chǔ)，其狀態(tài)也隨著人類法律的變遷而變化著。社會性別理論和社會性別分析方法是社會學(xué)的研究結(jié)果，其有助于將男女兩性放在平等層面上，審視男女兩性各自的特點、需求，以便制定出更加符合兩性利益的公共政策，從而推進兩性平等。 列夫·托爾斯泰說過：“幸福的家庭都是相似的，不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。”法律在對待需進行離婚財產(chǎn)分割的離婚家庭時，更要審視男女兩性的不同需求，充分保護雙方利益，尤其是保護婚姻弱勢一方的合法權(quán)益。我國現(xiàn)行《婚姻法》及其三個司法解釋中的離婚財產(chǎn)分割制度尚待完善，尤其是其中的家務(wù)勞動補償制度、離婚房產(chǎn)分割制度和離婚知識產(chǎn)權(quán)財產(chǎn)性收益分配制度等與婚姻中及離婚后男女雙方的利益息息相關(guān)的重要制度，仍有一些不足。本文將社會性別理論及其分析方法引入離婚財產(chǎn)分割制度的研究中，提出對這些制度的立法建議，，這樣我們可以站在兩性平等的立場上，更公平合理地制定有利于男女雙方利益的離婚財產(chǎn)分割制度，保障男女雙方，尤其是女方的財產(chǎn)權(quán)利，進一步促進男女平等和社會和諧穩(wěn)定。 全文除引言、結(jié)論外，分為四個部分。 引言部分交代了文章要論述的主要問題、研究現(xiàn)狀、研究方法以及研究意義。 第一部分介紹了用社會性別理論分析我國離婚財產(chǎn)分割制度的原因和意義。在介紹了社會性別理論的概念、產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展之后；著重介紹了用社會性別分析方法檢審婚姻法的必要性及可行性：因傳統(tǒng)的階級分析方法有著不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代婚姻家庭生活的缺陷，以及社會性別分析方法自身具備的批判父權(quán)制、能夠充分體現(xiàn)女性特點及需求以及符合婚姻法平等觀等優(yōu)點，將社會性別分析方法引入離婚財產(chǎn)分割制度，可以切實分析男女兩性在婚姻關(guān)系中的不同利益及不同需求，從而制定各種傾斜性的政策和法律，對明顯處于劣勢的群體給予特殊保護。 第二部分介紹了社會性別視角下我國離婚財產(chǎn)分割制度之不足：一、家務(wù)勞動補償制度在適用前提、補償標準、適用時段三個方面的不足；二、離婚房產(chǎn)分割制度，尤其是《最高人民法院關(guān)于適用中華人民共和國婚姻法若干問題的解釋（三）》（以下簡稱《婚姻法（解釋三）》）第七條、第十條在社會性別視角下的不足，及其在法律技術(shù)中的缺陷；三、離婚知識產(chǎn)權(quán)財產(chǎn)性收益分配制度之不足。 第三部分利用社會性別分析方法對我國離婚財產(chǎn)分割制度不足的原因進行了分析。一、對家務(wù)勞動補償制度，首先介紹了我國家務(wù)勞動現(xiàn)狀及其影響，分析了不足存在的原因。二、對離婚房產(chǎn)分割制度，尤其是《婚姻法（解釋三）》第七條和第十條產(chǎn)生的不足的原因進行了著重的分析，提出自己的主張。三、對離婚知識產(chǎn)權(quán)財產(chǎn)性收益分配制度不足進行了分析：法律缺少對離婚時無形財產(chǎn)分割的規(guī)定，是對妻子的權(quán)益的忽視，會嚴重損害離婚婦女的合法權(quán)益。 第四部分社會性別視角下對我國離婚財產(chǎn)分割制度的立法建議。一、對家務(wù)勞動補償制度：1.擴大補償范圍至夫妻共同財產(chǎn)制，并規(guī)定在夫妻共同財產(chǎn)制中適用家務(wù)勞動補償制度的限制性條件；2.具體規(guī)定家務(wù)勞動補償計算標準；3.擴大家務(wù)勞動補償制度的適用時段至婚姻存續(xù)期間。二、對離婚房產(chǎn)分割制度：應(yīng)樹立著重保護家庭的和諧穩(wěn)定，重點保護家庭的整體利益的立法價值理念，不能以保護個人權(quán)利為由忽視對家庭整體利益的保護。1.對于《婚姻法（解釋三）》第七條、第十條，應(yīng)以保護女性合法權(quán)益和婚姻穩(wěn)定性為指導(dǎo)精神；2.建議刪除《婚姻法（解釋三）》第七條；3.增加受贈房產(chǎn)離婚分配的彈性約定條款，對于婚后受贈房產(chǎn)仍然以《最高人民法院關(guān)于適用中華人民共和國婚姻法若干問題的解釋（二）》（以下簡稱《婚姻法（解釋二）》）第二十二條第二款為基本條款，以夫妻雙方約定為準；4.建議對于婚前按揭婚后取得房產(chǎn)證的房屋分割，增加按揭房屋分割的綜合評定標準，對房屋的產(chǎn)權(quán)問題進行合理安排。三、對離婚知識產(chǎn)權(quán)財產(chǎn)性收益分配制度，建議應(yīng)增設(shè)對無形財產(chǎn)范圍的規(guī)定、增設(shè)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)期待利益分割方式的規(guī)定，以實現(xiàn)對女性合法權(quán)益的保護，促進家庭的和諧穩(wěn)定。 結(jié)語部分指出，中國當(dāng)代兩性平等，尤其是女性地位的提高和女性自身的發(fā)展需要法律來推動，法律應(yīng)當(dāng)為此做出適當(dāng)?shù)卣{(diào)整，使得男女兩性和整個社會得以自由、和諧、穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Marriage and family are the cells of society and the basis of human society, and their state changes with the changes of human law. Gender theory and gender analysis are the results of sociological research, which help to put men and women on the level of equality, examine the characteristics and needs of men and women, in order to formulate a more consistent. The public policy of gender interests promotes gender equality.
Leo Tolstoy said: "Happy families are similar, unfortunate families have their own misfortunes." When dealing with divorced families that need to divorce property division, the law should examine the different needs of men and women, fully protect the interests of both sides, especially the legitimate rights and interests of the disadvantaged party in marriage. The divorce property division system in its three judicial interpretations needs to be perfected, especially the housework compensation system, the divorce property division system and the divorce intellectual property property property income distribution system, which are closely related to the interests of both men and women in marriage and after divorce. The theory and its analysis method are introduced into the study of divorce property division system, and some legislative suggestions are put forward to these systems. In this way, from the standpoint of gender equality, we can formulate a divorce property division system more equitably and rationally, which is beneficial to the interests of both men and women, so as to protect the property rights of both men and women, especially women, and further promote it. Equality between men and women and social harmony and stability.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is divided into four parts.
The introduction explains the main issues, research status, research methods and research significance of the article.
The first part introduces the reasons and significance of using gender theory to analyze the divorce property division system in our country.After introducing the concept of gender theory, its emergence and development, it emphasizes the necessity and feasibility of examining the marriage law by using gender analysis method: the traditional class analysis method can not adapt to the modern society. The defects of marriage and family life and the critical patriarchy of gender analysis method can fully embody the characteristics and needs of women and conform to the concept of equality in marriage law. By introducing gender analysis method into divorce property division system, we can analyze the different interests and differences between men and women in marriage relationship. Demand leads to the formulation of preferential policies and laws that provide special protection for groups that are clearly at a disadvantage.
The second part introduces the shortcomings of the divorce property division system in China from the gender perspective: first, the shortcomings of the domestic labor compensation system in the application premise, compensation standards, application period; second, the divorce property division system, especially the interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the application of the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China. 3) > (hereinafter referred to as Article 7, Article 10 in the perspective of social gender deficiencies, and its shortcomings in legal technology; 3, divorce intellectual property rights property income distribution system deficiencies.
The third part analyzes the reasons for the insufficiency of the divorce property division system in China by using the method of gender analysis. First, it introduces the current situation of domestic work and its influence, and analyzes the reasons for the insufficiency. Second, it analyzes the divorce property division system, especially the seventh and seventh articles of the Marriage Law (Interpretation 3)>. Thirdly, it analyzes the insufficiency of property income distribution system of divorce intellectual property rights: the lack of legal provisions on the division of intangible property in divorce is a neglect of the rights and interests of the wife, which will seriously damage the legitimate rights and interests of divorced women.
The fourth part of the gender perspective of China's divorce property division system of legislative proposals. First, the domestic labor compensation system: 1. Expand the scope of compensation to the joint property system of husband and wife, and stipulate the application of the joint property system of husband and wife housework compensation system of restrictive conditions; 2. Specific provisions of housework compensation standards; 3. Expanding the period of application of the compensation system for household work to the duration of marriage. 2. Divorce property division system: We should establish the legislative value concept of emphasizing the protection of family harmony and stability, emphasizing the protection of the overall interests of the family, not neglecting the protection of the overall interests of the family on the grounds of protecting individual rights. 1. The Marriage Law (Interpretation 3)> Article 7 and Article 10 shall be guided by the protection of women's legitimate rights and interests and the stability of marriage; 2. It is suggested that Article 7 of the Marriage Law (Interpretation 3) be deleted; 3. The flexible agreement clause on divorce distribution of donated real estate should be added, and the "Supreme People's Court" shall still apply the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China to the donated real estate after marriage. Interpretation (2)> (hereinafter referred to as Article 22, paragraph 2, as the basic clause, the agreement between the husband and wife shall prevail; 4. It is proposed to divide the house with the real estate certificate obtained after the premarital mortgage marriage, increase the comprehensive evaluation criteria for the division of the mortgaged house, and make reasonable arrangements for the property rights of the house. In order to protect women's legitimate rights and interests and promote family harmony and stability, it is suggested that the scope of intangible property should be stipulated and the way of expecting interests to be divided in intellectual property rights should be added.
The conclusion points out that China's contemporary gender equality, especially the advancement of women's status and the development of women themselves need to be promoted by law. The law should make appropriate adjustments so as to enable men and women and the whole society to develop freely, harmoniously and steadily.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D923.9

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