發(fā)布時間：2018-06-08 03:51

  本文選題：離婚財產(chǎn)分割協(xié)議 + 生效��； 參考：《北京化工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會的進(jìn)步與發(fā)展,離婚率也不斷攀升,離婚程序也經(jīng)歷了由繁至簡的變革,人們對于離婚的態(tài)度也逐漸發(fā)生改變,伴隨解除婚姻關(guān)系而來的便是子女撫養(yǎng)及財產(chǎn)分割等一系列問題,離婚財產(chǎn)分割協(xié)議的地位也經(jīng)歷了從無到有,從被忽視轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭苤匾暤淖兏�。本文將結(jié)合前人理論研究基礎(chǔ)、社會熱點及司法實務(wù)中涌現(xiàn)出的問題對離婚財產(chǎn)分割協(xié)議的內(nèi)涵、性質(zhì)、效力、域外立法例及完善建議幾個方面展開論述。文章第一部分介紹了與離婚財產(chǎn)分割協(xié)議有關(guān)的基本概念及內(nèi)涵,通過與相關(guān)協(xié)議(包括普通民事合同、離婚協(xié)議以及夫妻財產(chǎn)契約)的對比,總結(jié)出離婚財產(chǎn)分割協(xié)議的特征:法定生效要件的特殊民事合同。第二部分主要研究離婚財產(chǎn)協(xié)議的法律性質(zhì),筆者分別評析了現(xiàn)階段的三種主流觀點:單一身份契約說、混合型民事合同說以及附條件的民事合同說,各說都存在著一定的不足,而筆者更傾向于將離婚財產(chǎn)分割協(xié)議定位為附法定生效要件的特殊民事合同,在理解上更近似乎附條件的民事合同。第三部分的內(nèi)容圍繞著離婚財產(chǎn)分割協(xié)議的效力展開,分別探討了協(xié)議生效時點、可撤銷及部分無效的情形。離婚財產(chǎn)分割協(xié)議生效于夫妻雙方解除婚姻關(guān)系之時,對于其中有關(guān)財產(chǎn)分割的部分,若存在欺詐、脅迫而簽訂協(xié)議的情形,對協(xié)議可以進(jìn)行撤銷或變更,同時,筆者認(rèn)為協(xié)議中規(guī)定的不利于子女利益的條款亦應(yīng)作為可變更協(xié)議的條件;之于協(xié)議的無效自然僅針對財產(chǎn)分割部分的無效,該協(xié)議部分規(guī)定違反相關(guān)法律法規(guī)時而致使違反部分無效。第四部分主要針對我國現(xiàn)行法律有關(guān)離婚財產(chǎn)分割協(xié)議的規(guī)定進(jìn)行了縱向的比較及分析,指出現(xiàn)有規(guī)定存在的問題及局限。第五部分為域外立法經(jīng)驗的介紹,結(jié)合外國及港澳臺地區(qū)對協(xié)議離婚的限制條件及規(guī)定,同時重點從形式、內(nèi)容限制及內(nèi)外效力三方面介紹了其中與離婚財產(chǎn)分割協(xié)議有關(guān)的規(guī)定,分析該規(guī)定對于我國現(xiàn)階段國情社情的適用性與價值,當(dāng)然筆者并非空談引入,而是對我國對該項制度的接受條件進(jìn)行了剖析與一定調(diào)整,主要將于第七部分予以展開。第六部分主要引入了實務(wù)中的熱點問題,包括不動產(chǎn)權(quán)屬之爭中法律的適用問題、第三人債權(quán)與公證后離婚財產(chǎn)分割協(xié)議關(guān)系問題以及夫妻約定贈與子女財產(chǎn)的性質(zhì)問題,筆者結(jié)合前文理論基礎(chǔ)與民法學(xué)說對上述問題闡述了自己的見解。最后一部是對前文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)與升華,結(jié)合現(xiàn)有規(guī)定及國情,借鑒域外立法經(jīng)驗,筆者提出了完善協(xié)議離婚及離婚財產(chǎn)分割制度的法律建議,分為以建立見證人與公證前置制度為核心的事前干預(yù)制度、突出保護(hù)弱勢方及未成年子女利益的事中控制手段及離婚補(bǔ)助、幫助及重新分割財產(chǎn)為導(dǎo)向的事后救濟(jì)三個方面內(nèi)容展開,以期為學(xué)理及實踐的緊密結(jié)合盡綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:With the progress and development of the society, the divorce rate is also rising, the divorce procedure has undergone a change from complexity to simplicity, and people's attitude towards divorce has gradually changed. Along with the dissolution of marriage is a series of problems such as child support and property division. The status of divorce property division agreement has also undergone a transformation from neglect to attention. This paper will discuss the connotation, nature, effect, extraterritorial legislation and suggestions of divorce property division agreement based on previous theoretical research, social hot spots and problems arising in judicial practice. The first part of the article introduces the basic concepts and connotations related to the divorce property division agreement, through the comparison with the related agreements (including ordinary civil contract, divorce agreement and husband and wife property contract). Summarize the characteristics of divorce property division agreement: the special civil contract of legal effective requirements. In the second part, the author mainly studies the legal nature of divorce property agreement. The author comments on the three main viewpoints at this stage: single identity contract, mixed civil contract and conditional civil contract. There are some deficiencies in each theory, and the author is more inclined to position the divorce property division agreement as a special civil contract with the legal effective requirements, and to understand the civil contract which seems to be subject to conditions. The third part focuses on the validity of the divorce property division agreement, and discusses the situation of the effective point, revocable and partial invalidation of the agreement. When the divorce property division agreement comes into effect when the marital relationship is dissolved between the husband and wife, the agreement may be revoked or changed if there is fraud or coercion in the part of the agreement relating to the division of the property, and at the same time, The author thinks that the provisions of the agreement against the interests of the children should also be used as conditions for the alterable agreement, and that the invalidation of the agreement naturally only refers to the invalidity of the partition part of the property. Part of the agreement provides for the violation of relevant laws and regulations which results in partial invalidation of the breach. The fourth part makes a longitudinal comparison and analysis on the provisions of the divorce property division agreement in the current law of our country, and points out the problems and limitations of the existing provisions. The fifth part is the introduction of the extraterritorial legislative experience, combined with the restrictions and regulations of foreign countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to divorce by agreement, while focusing on the form, This paper introduces the provisions related to the divorce property division agreement from three aspects of content restriction and internal and external effectiveness, and analyzes the applicability and value of this provision to the social situation of our country at the present stage. Of course, the author is not empty talk about the introduction of this provision. It also analyzes and adjusts the acceptance conditions of this system, which will be carried out in the seventh part. The sixth part mainly introduces the hot issues in practice, including the application of the law in the dispute over the ownership of real estate, the relationship between the third party's creditor's rights and the divorce property after notarization, and the nature of the agreement between husband and wife and the property of the children. The author expounds his views on the above-mentioned questions on the basis of the above theory and the theory of civil law. The last part is the summary and sublimation of the previous contents, combined with the existing regulations and national conditions, and drawing on the experience of foreign legislation, the author puts forward some legal suggestions to improve the system of divorce by agreement and the division of property between divorce and divorce. It is divided into two parts: the pre-system of witness and notarization as the core, the control means of protecting the interests of the disadvantaged and minor children, and the divorce subsidy. The help and repartition of property-oriented ex post-relief is carried out in order to do a little for the close combination of theory and practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.9

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