發(fā)布時間：2018-05-01 16:34

  本文選題：死亡先后推定 + 繼承法�。� 參考：《西南政法大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：繼承法律制度作為社會制度的重要組成部分，與每個人都息息相關，對維護繼承人合法權益、親屬關系、家庭和睦及社會穩(wěn)定都具有重要意義。它必須反映一國公民在長期的生活中，所形成的財產(chǎn)繼承觀念和財產(chǎn)繼承習慣，才可以被人們自覺的遵守，并有效地調整人們的財產(chǎn)繼承行為。 相互有繼承權的人死亡于同一事件，在不能確定死亡時間時，如何推定死亡先后順序及解決相應的繼承問題，我國繼承法對此問題沒有作出規(guī)定，只有1985年《最高人民法院關于貫徹執(zhí)行中華人民共和國繼承法若干問題的意見》第2條，，作出了原則性的規(guī)定。此司法解釋與普通百姓的繼承習慣存在較大的差異，不易被普通百姓理解和掌握，理論界與司法界存在爭議，各地法院的判決也不盡相同，操作性不強。 近年來學者較多地關注民法和婚姻法的修改和完善，但是，對繼承法尤其是相互有繼承權的人同一事件死亡繼承問題的研究相對較少，關于該問題的研究只是散見于各類繼承法專著中。 本文嘗試運用比較研究的方法，按照提出問題、分析問題、解決問題的思路，對該問題進行系統(tǒng)論述，在借鑒國外和我國港、澳、臺地區(qū)立法優(yōu)越性的基礎上，結合實務操作，《保險法》的修改和普通百姓的繼承習慣，提出完善我國內地相關規(guī)定的建議。 本文除引言和結語外，分為以下六個部分： 第一部分，問題的提出。由典型案例引出相關法律問題，死亡推定對繼承開始的時間、繼承人范圍、遺產(chǎn)范圍等繼承問題的影響。 第二部分，研究的意義。死亡推定不僅關系到繼承人范圍、遺產(chǎn)范圍等繼承問題，還關系到繼承人的合法權益、親屬之間的關系、家庭的和睦、社會的穩(wěn)定及一國繼承法律制度是否健全。 第三部分，他山之石——國外及我國港、澳、臺地區(qū)相關立法考察。本文中列舉了英國、美國、德國、法國等國家及我國港、澳、臺地區(qū)的相關立法，其中大多采用同時死亡推定制，并允許晚輩直系血親代位繼承。特別是法國，從最早的按照年齡、性別推定死亡先后順序修改為推定同時死亡，適應了時代的發(fā)展，平等的保護了各繼承人的利益，符合繼承法的核心功能。 第四部分，對我國《保險法》相關立法的考察。新《保險法》第42條第2款，增加了“受益人和被保險人在同一事件中死亡，不能確定死亡先后順序的，推定受益人死亡在先”。保護被保險人及其繼承人的利益，促進保險理賠的速度和效率，同時也減少了繼承糾紛，節(jié)約了司法資源。 第五部分，我國內地民眾的相關繼承習慣調查及評析。根據(jù)陳葦教授2005年，對我國內地民眾繼承習慣的調查，分析得出在對待死亡推定時，我國內地普通百姓的繼承習慣與司法解釋的差異很大，他們更傾向于推定同時死亡，彼此之間不發(fā)生繼承。因為他們更注重公平和親屬關系的遠近程度。 第六部分，我國內地規(guī)定的不足之處及完善建議。不足之處：推定方法有三種：1.根據(jù)被繼承人有無繼承人，推定沒有繼承人的先死亡；2.都有繼承人但輩分不同的，推定長輩先死亡；3.都有繼承人但輩分相同的，推定同時死亡，彼此之間不發(fā)生繼承，其遺產(chǎn)分別由各自的繼承人繼承。上述推定導致繼承程序較為復雜，不利于生存繼承人繼承權的保護。完善建議：推定為同時死亡，彼此之間不發(fā)生繼承，由各自的繼承人繼承，并且允許晚輩直系血親代位繼承。這樣規(guī)定便于司法操作，符合普通百姓的繼承習慣，有利于繼承人利益的保護，并可以發(fā)揮繼承制度謀求對被繼承人的近親屬繼續(xù)扶養(yǎng)以降低他們可能發(fā)生的物質生活困境的核心功能。
[Abstract]:The legal system of inheritance, as an important part of the social system, is closely related to everyone, and is of great significance to the maintenance of the legitimate rights and interests of the heirs, kinship, family harmony and social stability. It must reflect the concept of inheritance and inheritance of property in a country's long life. Consciously observe and effectively adjust people's property inheritance.
The person who has the right to inherit each other is dead in the same event. In the time of indetermination of the time of death, how to deduce the order of death and to solve the corresponding inheritance problem, the inheritance law of our country does not stipulate this question. Only in the 1985 < opinions > second of the Supreme People's Court on the implementation of several issues of the inheritance law of the People's Republic of China. The judicial interpretation and the common people's inheritance habits have great differences, it is not easy to be understood and mastered by ordinary people. There are disputes between the theorists and the judiciary. The judgments of the courts in various places are not the same and the operation is not strong.
In recent years, scholars have paid more attention to the revision and improvement of civil law and marriage law. However, there are relatively few studies on the inheritance of inheritance and inheritance rights, especially in the same event, and the research on this issue is only scattered in all kinds of inheritance law monographs.
This article tries to use the method of comparative study to make a systematic discussion on the question, analysis and solution of the problem, on the basis of the advantages of foreign and China's ports, Australia, Taiwan and Taiwan, on the basis of the practical operation, the revision of the insurance law and the common people's inheritance habits, and to improve the relevant regulations of the mainland of China. A definite suggestion.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into six parts:
In the first part, the question is raised. The relevant legal issues are derived from a typical case, and the influence of the death presumption on the succession of succession, the scope of the successor, the scope of the inheritance and so on.
The second part is the significance of the study. The presumption of death is not only related to the succession of the successor, the scope of the heritage, but also the legitimate rights and interests of the successors, the relationship between the relatives, the harmony of the family, the stability of the society and the sound of the legal system of the succession of the country.
The third part, Shi Shan Shi - foreign and China's port, Australia, Taiwan area related legislative investigation. This article enumerates the relevant legislation of Britain, the United States, Germany, France and other countries and our port, Australia, Taiwan area, most of which adopt the simultaneous death presumption system, and allow the younger generation of direct consanguinity to inherit. Especially France, from the earliest age, The order of sex presumption of death is modified to the presumption of simultaneous death, which adapts to the development of the times and protects the interests of the heirs equally. It is in line with the core function of the inheritance law.
The fourth part, the investigation of the relevant legislation of the insurance law in China. The new < Insurance Law > forty-second articles and second paragraphs, increasing the death of the beneficiary and the insured in the same event, not determining the order of death, the presumption of the death of the beneficiary first, protecting the interests of the insured and its successors, and promoting the speed and efficiency of the insurance claim. It also reduced the dispute of inheritance and saved the judicial resources.
The fifth part is the investigation and analysis of the related inheritance habits of the Chinese mainland people. According to the investigation of the inheritance habits of the people in the mainland of China by Professor Chen in 2005, it is concluded that there is a great difference between the common people's inheritance habits and the judicial interpretation in the treatment of the death presumption. They are more inclined to presumed at the same time death and not to each other. Inherit, because they pay more attention to fairness and the distance between relatives.
The sixth part, inadequacies and suggestions for improvement in the mainland of China. There are three shortcomings in the presumption method: 1. according to whether the successor has no successor, presumption of the death of no successor; 2. all have successors but different generations, presumed that the elders die first; and 3. have the successors but the same generation, presumption of death at the same time. Each other is presumed to die at the same time. There is no inheritance, and its inheritance is inherited by their own successors. The presumption leads to the complexity of the inheritance procedure, which is not conducive to the protection of the inheritance rights of the subsistence successors. Judicial operation, in line with the common people's inheritance habits, is conducive to the protection of the interests of the successors, and can play the inheritance system to seek the continued support of the close relatives of the successors in order to reduce the core function of their possible material life dilemma.

【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D923.5

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相關期刊論文 前2條

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2 程倩;;死亡保險中的受益人及受益權——對原《保險法》第64條及新《保險法》第42條的討論[J];保險職業(yè)學院學報;2009年04期

本文編號：1830225