本文選題：死亡先后推定 + 繼承法　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：繼承法律制度作為社會(huì)制度的重要組成部分，與每個(gè)人都息息相關(guān)，對(duì)維護(hù)繼承人合法權(quán)益、親屬關(guān)系、家庭和睦及社會(huì)穩(wěn)定都具有重要意義。它必須反映一國(guó)公民在長(zhǎng)期的生活中，所形成的財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承觀念和財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承習(xí)慣，才可以被人們自覺(jué)的遵守，并有效地調(diào)整人們的財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承行為。 相互有繼承權(quán)的人死亡于同一事件，在不能確定死亡時(shí)間時(shí)，如何推定死亡先后順序及解決相應(yīng)的繼承問(wèn)題，我國(guó)繼承法對(duì)此問(wèn)題沒(méi)有作出規(guī)定，只有1985年《最高人民法院關(guān)于貫徹執(zhí)行中華人民共和國(guó)繼承法若干問(wèn)題的意見(jiàn)》第2條，，作出了原則性的規(guī)定。此司法解釋與普通百姓的繼承習(xí)慣存在較大的差異，不易被普通百姓理解和掌握，理論界與司法界存在爭(zhēng)議，各地法院的判決也不盡相同，操作性不強(qiáng)。 近年來(lái)學(xué)者較多地關(guān)注民法和婚姻法的修改和完善，但是，對(duì)繼承法尤其是相互有繼承權(quán)的人同一事件死亡繼承問(wèn)題的研究相對(duì)較少，關(guān)于該問(wèn)題的研究只是散見(jiàn)于各類(lèi)繼承法專(zhuān)著中。 本文嘗試運(yùn)用比較研究的方法，按照提出問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的思路，對(duì)該問(wèn)題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)論述，在借鑒國(guó)外和我國(guó)港、澳、臺(tái)地區(qū)立法優(yōu)越性的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合實(shí)務(wù)操作，《保險(xiǎn)法》的修改和普通百姓的繼承習(xí)慣，提出完善我國(guó)內(nèi)地相關(guān)規(guī)定的建議。 本文除引言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外，分為以下六個(gè)部分： 第一部分，問(wèn)題的提出。由典型案例引出相關(guān)法律問(wèn)題，死亡推定對(duì)繼承開(kāi)始的時(shí)間、繼承人范圍、遺產(chǎn)范圍等繼承問(wèn)題的影響。 第二部分，研究的意義。死亡推定不僅關(guān)系到繼承人范圍、遺產(chǎn)范圍等繼承問(wèn)題，還關(guān)系到繼承人的合法權(quán)益、親屬之間的關(guān)系、家庭的和睦、社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定及一國(guó)繼承法律制度是否健全。 第三部分，他山之石——國(guó)外及我國(guó)港、澳、臺(tái)地區(qū)相關(guān)立法考察。本文中列舉了英國(guó)、美國(guó)、德國(guó)、法國(guó)等國(guó)家及我國(guó)港、澳、臺(tái)地區(qū)的相關(guān)立法，其中大多采用同時(shí)死亡推定制，并允許晚輩直系血親代位繼承。特別是法國(guó)，從最早的按照年齡、性別推定死亡先后順序修改為推定同時(shí)死亡，適應(yīng)了時(shí)代的發(fā)展，平等的保護(hù)了各繼承人的利益，符合繼承法的核心功能。 第四部分，對(duì)我國(guó)《保險(xiǎn)法》相關(guān)立法的考察。新《保險(xiǎn)法》第42條第2款，增加了“受益人和被保險(xiǎn)人在同一事件中死亡，不能確定死亡先后順序的，推定受益人死亡在先”。保護(hù)被保險(xiǎn)人及其繼承人的利益，促進(jìn)保險(xiǎn)理賠的速度和效率，同時(shí)也減少了繼承糾紛，節(jié)約了司法資源。 第五部分，我國(guó)內(nèi)地民眾的相關(guān)繼承習(xí)慣調(diào)查及評(píng)析。根據(jù)陳葦教授2005年，對(duì)我國(guó)內(nèi)地民眾繼承習(xí)慣的調(diào)查，分析得出在對(duì)待死亡推定時(shí)，我國(guó)內(nèi)地普通百姓的繼承習(xí)慣與司法解釋的差異很大，他們更傾向于推定同時(shí)死亡，彼此之間不發(fā)生繼承。因?yàn)樗麄兏⒅毓胶陀H屬關(guān)系的遠(yuǎn)近程度。 第六部分，我國(guó)內(nèi)地規(guī)定的不足之處及完善建議。不足之處：推定方法有三種：1.根據(jù)被繼承人有無(wú)繼承人，推定沒(méi)有繼承人的先死亡；2.都有繼承人但輩分不同的，推定長(zhǎng)輩先死亡；3.都有繼承人但輩分相同的，推定同時(shí)死亡，彼此之間不發(fā)生繼承，其遺產(chǎn)分別由各自的繼承人繼承。上述推定導(dǎo)致繼承程序較為復(fù)雜，不利于生存繼承人繼承權(quán)的保護(hù)。完善建議：推定為同時(shí)死亡，彼此之間不發(fā)生繼承，由各自的繼承人繼承，并且允許晚輩直系血親代位繼承。這樣規(guī)定便于司法操作，符合普通百姓的繼承習(xí)慣，有利于繼承人利益的保護(hù)，并可以發(fā)揮繼承制度謀求對(duì)被繼承人的近親屬繼續(xù)扶養(yǎng)以降低他們可能發(fā)生的物質(zhì)生活困境的核心功能。
[Abstract]:The legal system of inheritance, as an important part of the social system, is closely related to everyone, and is of great significance to the maintenance of the legitimate rights and interests of the heirs, kinship, family harmony and social stability. It must reflect the concept of inheritance and inheritance of property in a country's long life. Consciously observe and effectively adjust people's property inheritance.
The person who has the right to inherit each other is dead in the same event. In the time of indetermination of the time of death, how to deduce the order of death and to solve the corresponding inheritance problem, the inheritance law of our country does not stipulate this question. Only in the 1985 < opinions > second of the Supreme People's Court on the implementation of several issues of the inheritance law of the People's Republic of China. The judicial interpretation and the common people's inheritance habits have great differences, it is not easy to be understood and mastered by ordinary people. There are disputes between the theorists and the judiciary. The judgments of the courts in various places are not the same and the operation is not strong.
In recent years, scholars have paid more attention to the revision and improvement of civil law and marriage law. However, there are relatively few studies on the inheritance of inheritance and inheritance rights, especially in the same event, and the research on this issue is only scattered in all kinds of inheritance law monographs.
This article tries to use the method of comparative study to make a systematic discussion on the question, analysis and solution of the problem, on the basis of the advantages of foreign and China's ports, Australia, Taiwan and Taiwan, on the basis of the practical operation, the revision of the insurance law and the common people's inheritance habits, and to improve the relevant regulations of the mainland of China. A definite suggestion.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into six parts:
In the first part, the question is raised. The relevant legal issues are derived from a typical case, and the influence of the death presumption on the succession of succession, the scope of the successor, the scope of the inheritance and so on.
The second part is the significance of the study. The presumption of death is not only related to the succession of the successor, the scope of the heritage, but also the legitimate rights and interests of the successors, the relationship between the relatives, the harmony of the family, the stability of the society and the sound of the legal system of the succession of the country.
The third part, Shi Shan Shi - foreign and China's port, Australia, Taiwan area related legislative investigation. This article enumerates the relevant legislation of Britain, the United States, Germany, France and other countries and our port, Australia, Taiwan area, most of which adopt the simultaneous death presumption system, and allow the younger generation of direct consanguinity to inherit. Especially France, from the earliest age, The order of sex presumption of death is modified to the presumption of simultaneous death, which adapts to the development of the times and protects the interests of the heirs equally. It is in line with the core function of the inheritance law.
The fourth part, the investigation of the relevant legislation of the insurance law in China. The new < Insurance Law > forty-second articles and second paragraphs, increasing the death of the beneficiary and the insured in the same event, not determining the order of death, the presumption of the death of the beneficiary first, protecting the interests of the insured and its successors, and promoting the speed and efficiency of the insurance claim. It also reduced the dispute of inheritance and saved the judicial resources.
The fifth part is the investigation and analysis of the related inheritance habits of the Chinese mainland people. According to the investigation of the inheritance habits of the people in the mainland of China by Professor Chen in 2005, it is concluded that there is a great difference between the common people's inheritance habits and the judicial interpretation in the treatment of the death presumption. They are more inclined to presumed at the same time death and not to each other. Inherit, because they pay more attention to fairness and the distance between relatives.
The sixth part, inadequacies and suggestions for improvement in the mainland of China. There are three shortcomings in the presumption method: 1. according to whether the successor has no successor, presumption of the death of no successor; 2. all have successors but different generations, presumed that the elders die first; and 3. have the successors but the same generation, presumption of death at the same time. Each other is presumed to die at the same time. There is no inheritance, and its inheritance is inherited by their own successors. The presumption leads to the complexity of the inheritance procedure, which is not conducive to the protection of the inheritance rights of the subsistence successors. Judicial operation, in line with the common people's inheritance habits, is conducive to the protection of the interests of the successors, and can play the inheritance system to seek the continued support of the close relatives of the successors in order to reduce the core function of their possible material life dilemma.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 陶前鋒;;互為受益人同時(shí)死亡時(shí)如何推定死亡順序[J];東方企業(yè)文化;2010年02期

2 程倩;;死亡保險(xiǎn)中的受益人及受益權(quán)——對(duì)原《保險(xiǎn)法》第64條及新《保險(xiǎn)法》第42條的討論[J];保險(xiǎn)職業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2009年04期

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