本文選題：分別財產(chǎn)制　切入點：立法不足　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：夫妻分別財產(chǎn)制是夫妻財產(chǎn)制的一種，也是現(xiàn)代各國廣泛適用的一種財產(chǎn)制形式。在分別財產(chǎn)制下，夫妻婚前及婚后財產(chǎn)仍歸各自所有，獨立享有使用、處分和收益權(quán)，當然也不排斥夫妻協(xié)議確定部分財產(chǎn)為共同財產(chǎn)。我國對分別財產(chǎn)制的規(guī)定很簡略，只在約定財產(chǎn)制中有籠統(tǒng)規(guī)定，出現(xiàn)夫妻適用分別財產(chǎn)制無法可依的窘境，相反，國外分別財產(chǎn)制有廣泛的適用，也有詳盡的法律規(guī)定。隨著我國社會發(fā)展，婦女地位的改善以及婦女經(jīng)濟能力的提升，男女平等的觀念已深入人心，男女平等也已成為現(xiàn)實，在這一背景下，共同財產(chǎn)制不能體現(xiàn)婦女獨立人格的缺陷日益顯現(xiàn)。本文認為，有必要對分別財產(chǎn)制進行研究，通過近些年分別財產(chǎn)制這一制度在國外的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，以及我國社會的現(xiàn)實需要，反思我國的分別財產(chǎn)制立法的缺陷與不足，通過對國外分別財產(chǎn)制的借鑒完善我國的夫妻分別財產(chǎn)制。 夫妻分別財產(chǎn)制在古羅馬時便有雛形，即具有分別財產(chǎn)制意義的嫁資制，但其直到1935年才在英國正式確立。分別財產(chǎn)制的確立是當時社會發(fā)展的必然，對推動男女平等而言極具進步意義。但其同時也存在著對家事勞動無法給予評價的問題，忽視了夫妻的實質(zhì)平等。對此各分別財產(chǎn)制國家開始引進共同制的因素，對分別財產(chǎn)制進行改進，亦即促進了分別財產(chǎn)制的完善與發(fā)展。其中，以瑞士的所得參與制最具代表性，其以分別財產(chǎn)制為基礎(chǔ)，吸收共同制因素，形成復(fù)合形態(tài)，極具進步意義。復(fù)合形態(tài)下，夫妻獨立管理和使用自己財產(chǎn)，夫妻的人格和財產(chǎn)獨立得到保障，財產(chǎn)制終結(jié)時，又照顧弱勢一方利益，配偶雙方或其繼承人，各得另一方配偶所得財產(chǎn)盈余的一半，兼顧實質(zhì)平等，對我國很有借鑒意義。 我國因婚姻法律制度的不健全和傳統(tǒng)家庭觀念的影響，對分別財產(chǎn)制存在明顯的立法不足。現(xiàn)行《婚姻法》僅規(guī)定夫妻可以約定實行分別財產(chǎn)制，但對分別財產(chǎn)制下夫妻的財產(chǎn)權(quán)利和義務(wù)、夫妻生活費用負擔(dān)、財產(chǎn)的管理、轉(zhuǎn)化、清算和分割等等一系列財產(chǎn)制應(yīng)有的內(nèi)容均無規(guī)定。致使夫妻適用分別財產(chǎn)制時無法可依�，F(xiàn)階段，我國婦女經(jīng)濟地位大幅提升，個體財富大量增長，社會對分別財產(chǎn)制的適用有著迫切的需求，無法可依的現(xiàn)狀急需改變。 筆者認為，我國的分別財產(chǎn)制應(yīng)當重構(gòu)，對于分別財產(chǎn)制不僅需要在約定財產(chǎn)制中對其內(nèi)容做明確規(guī)定，更要借鑒瑞士立法經(jīng)驗，，引進分別財產(chǎn)制為基礎(chǔ)的復(fù)合形態(tài)作為我國的法定財產(chǎn)制。因我國的所得共同制存在難以彌補的制度缺陷，極易引起管理權(quán)糾紛，又影響交易安全。而瑞士的復(fù)合形態(tài)符合現(xiàn)代世界法定財產(chǎn)制的發(fā)展趨勢，又滿足夫妻人格獨立和平等的要求，在我國也具備可行性。首先，其符合我國法定財產(chǎn)制的發(fā)展走向。其次，適應(yīng)我國婦女經(jīng)濟地位逐步提升和個體對財產(chǎn)權(quán)利日益重視的現(xiàn)實。再次，其與所得共同制跨度不大，也易于被我國所接受。 借鑒瑞士復(fù)合形態(tài)，重構(gòu)后我國分別財產(chǎn)制，其具體內(nèi)容，應(yīng)有通則的體系性規(guī)定和家事勞動評價的內(nèi)容。夫妻家庭生活費用的負擔(dān)、對外的財產(chǎn)責(zé)任和財產(chǎn)的清算與分割等內(nèi)容應(yīng)堅持國外經(jīng)驗與我國實際相結(jié)合，既保證婚姻過程中夫妻財產(chǎn)和人格的獨立與平等，又保障財產(chǎn)制終了時夫妻實質(zhì)平等的實現(xiàn)。筆者力求提出一些建議對我國分別財產(chǎn)制內(nèi)容的構(gòu)建貢獻自己的一份力。
[Abstract]:Husband and wife property system is a kind of marital property system, a property system is also widely used form in modern countries. In the property system, pre marital and marital property is individually owned, independent use, disposal and the proceeds of the right, of course does not exclude couples is part of the property for the common property. In the provisions of the property system is very simple, only in the agreed property system in general provisions, the opposite situation, marital property system is no legal basis, foreign property system has been widely used, there are legal provisions in detail. With the development of our society, the improvement of women and women's economic ability enhance the concept of gender equality has been firmly established, gender equality has become a reality, in this context, the common property system can not reflect the defects of women's independent personality gradually. This article considers that it is necessary to split Don't study in recent years through the property system, property system status quo in foreign countries of this system, and the reality of our society to reflect our country's property legislation defects respectively and deficiency of our marital property system were improved through the introduction of the property system.
Husband and wife property system in ancient Rome had a prototype, which has the property system significance of the trousseau system, but until 1935 in the United Kingdom formally established. Established property was the inevitable result of social development, to promote equality between men and women is very progressive. But at the same time, there are also unable to give the housework the issue of evaluation, ignoring the essence of equality between husband and wife. In this regard the property system countries began to introduce the factors of system, property system is improved, which promote the development and perfection of the property system. Among them, the Swiss income participation system is the most representative, which is based on the property system, absorption the common factors, forming a composite form, very progressive. Complex form, independent management and use of their property of husband and wife, husband and wife of the independent personality and property protection, property at the end of the system, and take care of the weak It is of great significance to our country that the interests of one party, the two spouses or their successors, each gain half of the surplus of the property of the other spouse, and give consideration to the substantive equality.
In China due to the impact of marriage legal system is not perfect and the traditional concept of family, the separate property system is obvious. The current lack of legislation "marriage law" only provides couples may agree to implement separate property system, but the property rights and obligations of property system of husband and wife, husband and wife living expenses, the transformation of property management., liquidation and division and so on a series of property system should be the content of no provisions could be applicable. In marital property system. At present, the economic status of women in China increased dramatically, individual wealth growth, the society has urgent demand for property system respectively, urgent situation can change.
The author believes that China's property system should be reconstructed, the property system needs not only in the agreed property system of its contents clearly defined, to learn from the Swiss legislation experience, the introduction of complex morphological property system based as China's legal property system. Because of our common income system exist system defects it is difficult to make up, extremely easy to cause the management rights disputes, and affect the security of transactions. And the compound form of Swiss conforms to the development trend of modern world legal property system, and meet the requirements of equality and independence of personality couples, in our country also has feasibility. Firstly, it conforms to the trend of development of our country's legal property system of the second. To adapt to the economic status of Chinese women, and gradually improve the individual property rights to pay more attention to the reality. Thirdly, the common income system and little span, but also easy to be accepted by our country.
Learn from the Swiss composite form, after the reconstruction of our property system, the specific content, system and regulations should general housework evaluation. Couples living expenses, etc. The liquidation and division of foreign property liability and property should adhere to foreign experience combined with China's reality, not only guarantee the marital property in the process of marriage and personality independence and equality, and the protection of property at the end of the couple for the realization of substantive equality. The author tries to set up some suggestions on China's property system contribute to the self.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D923.9

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