本文選題：同性婚姻　切入點：法律適用　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在傳統(tǒng)的婚姻概念中,婚姻只能是當(dāng)時社會制度所確認的男女兩性之間的結(jié)合,根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)婚姻立法的基本原則,婚姻主體須為異性,但目前這一觀念正在面臨挑戰(zhàn)。隨著同性戀權(quán)利運動的發(fā)展,人們對同性戀者有了更多的了解,政府對同性伴侶的態(tài)度也有了改變,在西方國家尤為明顯。部分國家開始關(guān)注對同性伴侶合法權(quán)益的保護,目前已有丹麥、荷蘭、德國、法國、英國、西班牙、美國、加拿大等國,通過立法允許同性伴侶結(jié)婚或成立伴侶關(guān)系,賦予同性伴侶享有等同或類似于異性夫妻在婚姻家庭方面的權(quán)益。當(dāng)今各國人民進行著廣泛而頻繁的國際人員流動,民事交往不斷加強,跨國婚姻大量出現(xiàn)。目前我國婚姻法不允許締結(jié)同性婚姻,其效力問題在國內(nèi)尚不存在法律層面的爭議,但在在國際私法領(lǐng)域,關(guān)于同性婚姻效力問題的法律沖突已經(jīng)形成,并且發(fā)生了有關(guān)同性婚姻效力問題的案件。隨著我國對外開放的深入,我國法律將來也會面臨這一問題,因此有必要從理論層面對這一問題加以研究。本文立足于同性婚姻合法化的國際熱點,針對國際社會不同立法的態(tài)度,結(jié)合中國實際,試圖論述同性婚姻效力的法律適用問題。文章由四部分構(gòu)成。第一部分,首先闡述了同性婚姻的涵義,與傳統(tǒng)婚姻相比同性婚姻的特點,然后介紹了同性婚姻的發(fā)展歷史。第二部分主要介紹了國外部分認可同性婚姻的國家關(guān)于同性結(jié)合的立法現(xiàn)狀,比較同性婚姻的不同立法模式及其特點,并分析了各國在同性婚姻效力方面產(chǎn)生法律沖突的原因。第三部分在前兩部分的基礎(chǔ)上,指出由于目前各國婚姻法在婚姻條件方面的規(guī)定不同,在法律適用過程中發(fā)生有關(guān)同性婚姻效力上的沖突時,公共秩序保留制度的運用問題,以及同性婚姻的識別,準據(jù)法的適用,關(guān)于同性婚姻判決的承認與執(zhí)行等問題。第四部分針對同性婚姻在法律適用領(lǐng)域存在的核心問題,筆者提出了在法律適用過程中,解決同性婚姻效力法律沖突問題的看法:對于在外國成立的同性婚姻,在決定是否承認它時,應(yīng)當(dāng)看當(dāng)事人的請求涉及同性身份關(guān)系的何種法律效果,是遺產(chǎn)繼承還是移民申請等等,區(qū)分不同情況對待;同時對涉案同性婚姻還應(yīng)進行定性分析,將其分為規(guī)避婚姻和非規(guī)避婚姻,對于規(guī)避婚姻可以采用公共秩序保留制度否認其效力,對于非規(guī)避婚姻,可以承認同性婚姻的合法性。結(jié)語進一步強調(diào)了區(qū)分不同情況,來確認同性婚姻法律效力的重要性。
[Abstract]:In the traditional concept of marriage, marriage can only be a combination of men and women recognized by the social system at that time. According to the basic principle of traditional marriage legislation, the subject of marriage must be of the opposite sex. But the idea is now facing a challenge. With the development of the gay rights movement, people know more about homosexuals and the attitude of the government towards same-sex couples has changed. This is particularly evident in Western countries. Some countries have begun to pay attention to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of same-sex couples. At present, Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Britain, Spain, the United States, Canada and other countries, Passing legislation allowing same-sex couples to marry or form partnerships, giving same-sex couples the same or similar rights in marriage and family as heterosexual couples. At present, the marriage law of our country does not allow the conclusion of same-sex marriage, the validity of which is not disputed in the domestic legal level, but in the field of private international law. The conflict of laws on the validity of same-sex marriage has formed, and there have been cases concerning the validity of same-sex marriage. With the deepening of China's opening to the outside world, our laws will also face this problem in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to study this issue from the theoretical level. Based on the international hotspot of legalization of same-sex marriage, this paper aims at the different legislative attitudes of the international community and combines the Chinese reality. This article is composed of four parts. The first part expounds the meaning of same-sex marriage and the characteristics of same-sex marriage compared with traditional marriage. Then it introduces the history of same-sex marriage. The second part mainly introduces the legislation status of same-sex marriage in some countries in foreign countries, compares the different legislative models and characteristics of same-sex marriage. The third part, on the basis of the first two parts, points out that because of the different provisions of marriage law in different countries in terms of marital conditions, the third part is based on the former two parts, and analyzes the causes of the conflict of laws in the validity of same-sex marriage in various countries. When there is a conflict about the validity of same-sex marriage in the process of application of the law, the application of the reservation system of public order, the identification of same-sex marriage, and the application of applicable law, In view of the core problems of same-sex marriage in the field of legal application in 4th, the author puts forward that in the process of legal application, Views on resolving conflicts of laws on the validity of same-sex marriage: in deciding whether or not to recognize same-sex marriage established in a foreign country, it is up to the parties to decide on the legal effect of the request relating to the same-sex identity relationship, Whether it is inheritance or immigration application, and so on, it should be treated according to different situations. At the same time, it should also be qualitatively analyzed to divide it into circumvention marriage and non-circumvention marriage. The validity of same-sex marriage can be denied by public order reservation system for circumvention of marriage, and the validity of same-sex marriage can be recognized for non-circumvention marriage. The conclusion further emphasizes the importance of distinguishing different situations to confirm the legal effect of same-sex marriage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D913.9

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