【摘要】：隨著廣大人民群眾法律意識的增強，人們在接受醫(yī)療服務時，除了關注病情如何得到治療外，也開始關心自己的權利如何得到保護的問題。其中，對自己隱私權的保護更是為人們所重視。各國為了保護患者的隱私權，通常將醫(yī)療機構的保密義務規(guī)定為一項法定義務。我國也通過法律規(guī)定，將醫(yī)療機構的保密義務上升為法律義務。同時，我們也要看到，在國外曾出現(xiàn)過患者隱私權與其他權益相沖突的判例。若過于苛責醫(yī)療機構的承擔保密責任，可能也會帶來一些社會問題。我國有關保密義務的內(nèi)容在法律上的規(guī)定在構成要件，保密信息的范圍，是否存在例外情形等方面存在問題，以致在實踐操作中不利于醫(yī)療機構與患者糾紛的解決。 本文共分為三部分。第一部分是我國醫(yī)療機構泄露個人信息的現(xiàn)象及立法現(xiàn)狀分析。在此部分中將列舉醫(yī)療實踐中醫(yī)療機構泄露患者信息的實例，分析醫(yī)療機構泄露患者個人信息行為的法律性質(zhì)，即對保密義務的違反。論證規(guī)定醫(yī)療機構承擔保密義務的必要性，并探討我國現(xiàn)行法律對醫(yī)療機構保密義務的規(guī)定以及分析現(xiàn)行規(guī)定所存在的問題，即構成要件及責任承擔規(guī)定不明確，例外情形規(guī)定不詳盡。 第二部分是醫(yī)療機構違反保密義務的構成要件及責任承擔。此部分是本文的理論部分，分析醫(yī)療機構違反保密義務侵權責任的構成要件，并探討該侵權責任的承擔問題。首先，提出在現(xiàn)行法律制度下，可以依據(jù)侵權法、合同法對醫(yī)療機構違反保密義務進行民法責任的追究，但是保護患者利益而言，筆者認為，在救濟患者權利而言，，侵權責任更有利，因此本文重點探討違反保密義務的侵權責任。然后，通過侵權責任構成要件一般理論的介紹引出醫(yī)療機構保密的信息應包括：個人信息，醫(yī)療信息，治療過程，依據(jù)患者請求。最后經(jīng)論證明確醫(yī)療機構違反保密義務侵權責任的承擔主體應為醫(yī)療機構。 第三部分是醫(yī)療機構違反保密義務的例外。此部分論述醫(yī)療機構保密義務的例外情形。結合外國立法及判例，論述我國應當對醫(yī)療機構違反保密義務的例外情形進行規(guī)定，并提出我國應當將以下醫(yī)療機構泄露患者信息的情形視為違反保密義務的例外情形：患者同意、公共性利益、為了保護患者自身的利益以及不可抗力。
[Abstract]:With the enhancement of the legal consciousness of the broad masses of the people, when receiving medical services, people not only pay attention to how to get treatment, but also begin to pay attention to how to protect their rights. Among them, the protection of their right to privacy is paid more attention to. In order to protect the privacy of patients, countries usually make the obligation of confidentiality of medical institutions a legal obligation. Our country also through the law stipulation, the medical institution confidentiality duty rises to the legal obligation. At the same time, we should also see that there has been a conflict between patients' privacy and other rights and interests in foreign countries. If medical institutions are too critical of confidentiality responsibilities, there may also be some social problems. There are some problems in the legal provisions of the obligation of confidentiality in our country, such as the constituent elements, the scope of confidential information, whether there are exceptions and so on, so that it is not conducive to the settlement of disputes between medical institutions and patients in practice. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is the analysis of the phenomenon and legislative situation of medical institutions leaking personal information in our country. In this part, the examples of medical institutions leaking patient information in medical practice will be listed, and the legal nature of the disclosure of patients' personal information by medical institutions will be analyzed, that is, the violation of the obligation of confidentiality. This paper demonstrates the necessity of prescribing the obligation of confidentiality in medical institutions, probes into the provisions of the current law of our country on the obligation of confidentiality of medical institutions, and analyzes the problems existing in the current provisions, that is, the provisions on constituent elements and liability are not clear, and the provisions on exceptions are not detailed. The second part is the constituent elements and responsibility of medical institutions violating the obligation of confidentiality. This part is the theoretical part of this paper, which analyzes the constituent elements of tort liability of medical institutions in violation of confidentiality obligations, and discusses the assumption of tort liability. First of all, under the current legal system, we can investigate the civil law liability of medical institutions for violating the obligation of confidentiality according to the tort law, but as far as the protection of the interests of patients is concerned, the author believes that the tort liability is more favorable in terms of the rights of relief patients, so this paper focuses on the tort liability for violating the obligation of confidentiality. Then, through the introduction of the general theory of the constituent elements of tort liability, the confidential information of medical institutions should include: personal information, medical information, treatment process, according to the patient's request. Finally, it is proved that the main body of tort liability of medical institutions in violation of confidentiality obligations should be medical institutions. The third part is the exception of medical institutions violating the obligation of confidentiality. This part discusses the exceptions to the confidentiality obligation of medical institutions. Combined with foreign legislation and cases, this paper discusses that our country should stipulate the exception of breach of confidentiality obligation by medical institutions, and puts forward that the following cases of disclosure of patient information by medical institutions should be regarded as exceptions to breach of confidentiality obligation: patient consent, public interests, in order to protect the interests of patients and force majeure.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.16;D923

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本文編號：2502271