【摘要】： 契約自由是商品交換順利進行和市場機制發(fā)揮基礎(chǔ)性作用的保障，但是，隨著社會的發(fā)展，無限制的契約自由成了強者壓迫弱者的工具。為平衡締約雙方的合法權(quán)益、維護社會秩序的穩(wěn)定、推動社會文明的發(fā)展，必須對契約自由加以合理的限制，規(guī)定受要約人無正當(dāng)理由不得拒絕承諾，必須與要約人締結(jié)契約。強制締約制度正是由此產(chǎn)生的。 強制締約作為一種平衡契約雙方利益的法律制度，，越來越受到人們的關(guān)注，國外法學(xué)理論界與實務(wù)界對其研究比較深入。但在我國，由于相關(guān)的立法不盡完善，司法操作也較混亂，加上法學(xué)理論研究較淺，造成強制締約在我國法律界遭遇尷尬。為了使對強制締約的研究得到理論界的重視，并以此為契機促進我國民法的發(fā)展以及法治化進程，本文擬對強制締約法律制度作一初步探討。 全文除引言、結(jié)語外共分三個部分。 引言對強制締約法律制度的重要性進行了概括，并說明了完善我國強制締約法律制度的現(xiàn)實意義。 第一部分主要從強制締約的產(chǎn)生、法律性質(zhì)、涵義、分類、與相關(guān)法律概念的區(qū)別這五個方面對強制締約的基本法律理論加以闡述。本文指出，強制締約誕生于壟斷資本主義階段對契約自由的弊端進行修正的需要；強制締約的情形應(yīng)當(dāng)采廣義說；強制締約行為的法律性質(zhì)屬于介于公法行為與一般民事法律行為之間的廣義的私法行為范疇；目前學(xué)術(shù)界對強制締約有多種分類，但本文更傾向以法律有無明確規(guī)定所作的直接強制締約和間接強制締約的分類。在這部分本文還對強制締約與格式合同、行政契約、預(yù)約這些相關(guān)法律概念進行了比較分析，以利于對強制締約的更深理解。 第二部分主要對我國現(xiàn)行立法關(guān)于強制締約的法律規(guī)定作了較為全面和深入的評析。本部分首先分析了在我國適用強制締約制度的必要性，而后分析了當(dāng)前我國關(guān)于強制締約的立法現(xiàn)狀，肯定了我國法律初步確定了強制締約制度，最后指出了我國立法由于未規(guī)定強制締約受要約人拒絕締約的正當(dāng)理由、對受要約人的承諾時間未作明確規(guī)定、對受要約人不履約的法律責(zé)任規(guī)定欠缺、在合同法總則中缺乏一般陛條款的規(guī)定所存在的不足之處。 第三部分對完善我國的強制締約法律制度進行了研究。這是本文的重點部分。本部分指出完善我國的強制締約法律制度，應(yīng)將強制締約的適用范圍擴大到提供公共服務(wù)的其他公用事業(yè)單位、居于“事實壟斷”地位的經(jīng)營者、依公序良俗原則負有締約義務(wù)的行業(yè)或組織；此外，我國立法還應(yīng)明確規(guī)定受要約人可拒絕締約的正當(dāng)理由、受要約人的承諾時間、締約義務(wù)人拒絕締約應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的法律責(zé)任；本部分還提出了在合同法總則中增設(shè)關(guān)于強制締約一般性條款的完善建議。 結(jié)語部分指出在運用強制締約法律制度對契約自由進行必要限制的同時，也應(yīng)該注意避免對強制締約的濫用，強調(diào)了合同自由原則是合同法中最基本原則，也是鼓勵交易、促進市場經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的必要條件。強制締約制度只是對合同自由弊端的一種修正，而不是對合同自由的否定。 本文的新穎之處在第三部分對“事實壟斷”地位經(jīng)營者應(yīng)當(dāng)適用強制締約法律制度的論述。本文指出“事實壟斷”指的是在特定的時空下，經(jīng)營者由于提供的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)缺乏競爭而居于事實上的獨占地位形成的壟斷。這是一種具有壟斷的外在表象的擬制的壟斷，這種壟斷雖然不同于經(jīng)營規(guī)模過于膨脹而形成的自然壟斷，但若經(jīng)營者濫用締約自由，無正當(dāng)理由拒絕要約人的締約請求，象自然壟斷的經(jīng)營者違反締約義務(wù)一樣，也會嚴重損害締約相對方的合法權(quán)益。故對居于事實壟斷地位的經(jīng)營者立法應(yīng)賦予其強制締約義務(wù)。
[Abstract]:The freedom of contract is the guarantee of the smooth progress of the commodity exchange and the basic function of the market mechanism, but with the development of the society, the free contract freedom becomes the tool for the strong to oppress the weak. In order to balance the legitimate rights and interests of the contracting parties, to maintain the stability of the social order and to promote the development of the social civilization, the freedom of the contract must be reasonably limited. The compulsory contracting system is the result. As a legal system for balancing the interests of the two parties, it is more and more concerned that the foreign law theory and practice community The research is more in-depth. But in our country, because the related legislation is not perfect, the judicial operation is also chaotic, and the study of the legal theory is shallow, resulting in the compulsory contracting in our country law. In order to give attention to the study of forced contracting, and to promote the development of the civil law in China and the process of legal treatment, this paper is to give the legal system of compulsory contracting. To make a preliminary study. In addition to the introduction, the conclusion is divided into three parts. The foreword summarizes the importance of the compulsory contracting legal system, and The practical significance of perfect China's compulsory contracting legal system is described. The first part is mainly from the generation of compulsory contracting, the nature of the law, the meaning, the classification and the related law. In this paper, it is pointed out that forced contracting is born in the stage of monopoly capitalism. The need for amendment of the defect of about freedom; the case of compulsory contracting should be broadly stated; the legal nature of the forced contracting act is between the act of public law and the general civil legal act There are a wide range of private law acts between the academic and the academic circles, but this article is more inclined to There is a clear definition of the type of direct forced and indirect compulsory contracting made by the law. In this part, it is also for compulsory contracting and format contracts, administrative contracts, appointments, A comparative analysis of the relevant legal concepts in order to facilitate a deeper understanding of the compulsory contracting. In this part, the necessity of applying the compulsory contracting system in China is analyzed, and then the analysis is made. On the basis of the current situation of the legislation of the compulsory contracting of the contracting parties in our country, it is certain that the law of our country has determined the compulsory contracting system, and finally points out that the legislation of our country has not provided the justification for the refusal of the contracting party by the offeror. If the acceptance time of the offeror is not specified, the offeror does not perform the contract. The legal liability is deficient, and the general rule of law is lacking in the general rules of the contract law. The inadequacy of the provisions The third part is to study the perfect China's compulsory contracting legal system. This part is the key part of this paper. This part points out the perfection of the compulsory contracting legal system in our country, and should extend the application scope of the compulsory contracting to other public utility units that provide the public service. The operator of the position of opoly " shall have the industry or organization with the obligation of contracting in accordance with the principle of public order and good. In addition, the legislation of our country shall also specify that the offeror may refuse the cause of the contract and the time of the acceptance by the offeror, and the contracting agent refuses to conclude the contract." In this part, the author also puts forward some suggestions on the improvement of the general provisions of the compulsory contracting in the general rules of the contract law. The concluding remarks point out that it is also important to avoid the necessity of applying the compulsory contracting legal system to the freedom of the contract. The abuse of compulsory contracting states that the principle of freedom of contract is the most basic principle in the contract law, and it is also an incentive. It is a necessary condition to promote the development of the market economy. The compulsory contracting system is only a kind of amendment to the freedom of the contract, not the negative of the freedom of the contract. In the third part, the author of "the fact monopoly" status should apply to the discussion of compulsory contracting legal system. Poly " refers to a monopoly formed by the fact that the operator is in de facto monopolistic position due to the lack of competition for the products or services provided, in particular time-and-space. The monopoly, which is different from the natural monopoly formed by the expansion of the scale of operation, is, if the operator is abused, The contracting request of an offeror, such as a natural monopoly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D923

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